Navegando por Autor "Duarte, Lucienir Pains"
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Item 3-beta-(Stearyloxy)olean-12-ene from Austroplenckia populnea : structure elucidation by 2D-NMR and quantitative 13C-NMR spectroscopy.(2003) Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Howarth, O. W.; Lula, Ivana Silva3 -(Stearyloxy)olean-12-ene was isolated from a hexane extract of Austroplenckia populnea Reiss (Celastraceae) leaves. The structure was solved by means of quantitative 13C-NMR, HMBC, HMQC, COSY, NOESY, and NOE difference spectra. The mass spectrum showed an [M 1] ion peak at m/z 693, and the molecular formula C48H84O2 was confirmed by combustion analysis.Item Algistatic effect of a quinonamethide triterpene on Microcystis novacekii.(2013) Silva, Fernando César; Guedes, Fernanda Alves de Freitas; Franco, Maione Wittig; Barbosa, Francisco Antônio Rodrigues; Marra, Camila Antunes; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoCyanobacteria proliferation represents a problem to water treatment for human consumption supply. Species of the genus Microcystis, commonly found in continental waters, can bloom and produce microcystine and other toxic compounds associated to human and animal poisoning, depending on the nutrient levels present in the water. The use of natural products to control cyanobacteria blooms is promising since they are less harmful to the environment than compounds obtained by organic syntheses. Triterpenes, which are associated with several biological activities, have been isolated from species of the genus Maytenus (Celastraceae), commonly found in Cerrado regions of Brazil. Tingenone is a pentacyclic triterpene that has cytotoxic properties and induces growth inhibition in some microorganisms. In this study, the effects of tingenone isolated from Maytenus gonoclada at distinct concentrations (e.g., 50, 150, 500, 1,500, and 4,500 μg L−1) on the growth rates of Microcystis novacekii was investigated. The algicide activity was verified using M. novacekii cultures growing in ASM1 culture medium at 23 °C and continuous illumination for 96 h. Growth inhibition was monitored by light microscopy and optical density (OD680 nm). The median effective concentration associated to the M. novacekii inhibition growth induced by tingenone was 12.2 μg L−1. The result indicates that tingenone has algicide effect and can be potentially applied in water management for public supply, replacing synthetic algicides.Item Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of friedelanes from Maytenus robusta branches and isolation of further triterpenoids.(2017) Sousa, Grasiely Faria de; Aguilar, Mariana Guerra de; Dias, Danielle Ferreira; Takahashi, Jacqueline Aparecida; Moreira, Maria Eliza de Castro; Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Rodrigues, Salomão Bento Vasconcelos; Messias, Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga; Duarte, Lucienir PainsThe new pentacyclic triterpenoids friedel-1-en-3,16-dione (1), 1α,29-dihydroxyfriedelan-3-one (2) and 16β,28,29-trihydroxyfriedelan-3-one (3) were isolated from Maytenus robusta branches in addition to the known, but new for this species, triterpenoid 12α,29-dihydroxyfriedelan-3-one (4). The structures and stereochemistry of the novel triterpenoids were established by IR, 1D/2D NMR and HR-APCIMS spectral data. In addition, the biological activity of compound 2 and the previously isolated friedelanes 5–8 (friedelan-3,16-dione, 29-hydroxyfriedelan- 3-one, 29-hydroxyfriedelan-3,16-dione and 16β,29-dihydroxyfriedelan-3-one) was investigated. Compounds 2 and 8 were tested for their acetylcholinesterase properties and antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Citrobacter freundii, and the fungus Candida albicans. Compound 2 was the most active compound for both assays, with values of 32.3% acetylcholinesterase inhibition, 42% activity against the fungus Candida albicans and 34% against the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compounds 5–8 were assayed for their antiedematogenic activity using the carrageenan- induced paw edema assay. At maximum inflammation after three hours, compounds 6 and 8 showed 42% and 57% activity, respectively. After four hours, compounds 5 and 7 showed activity of 71% and 75% compared to 79% of the control indomethacin.Item Anti-trypanosomal activity of pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from Austroplenckia populnea (Celastraceae).(2002) Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Sousa, José Rego de; Pinto, Artur da SilveiraFour pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from Austroplenckia populnea and four compounds of known anti T. cruzi or anti-malarial activity were tested. Of those triterpenes tested 20_-hydroxy-tingenone showed high activity, epikatonic acid was less active, while populnilic and populninic acids were inactive against the trypanosome of the subgenus Schizotrypanum tested. Benzonidazole, nifurtimox, ketoconazole and primaquine presented a remarkable dose-dependent inhibitory effect reaching practically to a total growth inhibition of the parasite at the end of incubation time. The trypanosome tested appear to be a suitable model for preliminary screen for anti T. (S.) cruzi compounds.Item Antigiardial activity of the hexane extract of Maytenus gonoclada mart.(2012) Silva, Fernando César; Busatti, Haendel Gonçalves Nogueira Oliveira; Gomes, Maria Aparecida; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoPlants of the Maytenus genus have been used in folk medicine in Brazil for treatment of gastrointestinal motility disturbances such as diarrhea. The present study was performed to evaluate antigiardial activity of the hexane extract and triterpenes isolated from the branches of Maytenus gonoclada Mart. (Celastraceae). The hexane extract and triterpenes were examined for antigiardial activity using the colorimetric method against Giardia lamblia (ATCC 30888). The hexane extract exhibited antigiardial activity. This result may partly explain and support the use of plants of the Maytenus genus for the treatment of diarrhea in folk medicine in Brazil.Item Antimicrobial activity of synthetic bornyl benzoates against Trypanosoma cruzi.(2012) Corrêa, Paulo Roberto Ceridóreo; Miranda, Roqueline Rodrigues Silva de; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Okuma, Adriana Akemi; Carazza, Fernando; Díaz, José Andrés Morgado; Pinge Filho, Phileno; Yamauchi, Lucy Megumi; Nakamura, Celso Vataru; Ogatta, Sueli Fumie YamadaWe report here for the first time the in vitro effects of (1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl- 39,49,59-trimethoxy benzoate (1) and (1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl benzoate (2) on the growth and ultrastructure of Trypanosoma cruzi. These two synthetic compounds exerted an antiproliferative effect on the epimastigote forms of the parasite. The ICs50/72h of two synthetic L-bornyl benzoates, 1 and 2, was 10.1 and 12.8 mg/ml, respectively. Both compounds were more selective against epimastigotes than HEp-2 cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed intense cytoplasmic vacuolization and the appearance of cytoplasmic materials surrounded by membranes. The treatment of peritoneal macrophages with compounds 1 and 2 caused a significant decrease in the number of T. cruzi-infected cells. L-Bornyl benzoate derivatives may serve as a potential source for the development of more effective and safer chemotherapeutic agents against T. cruzi infections.Item Antinociceptive and edematogenic activity and chemical constituents of Talinum paniculatum Willd.(2010) Ramos, Maria Perpétua Oliveira; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Peres, Valdir; Miranda, Roqueline Rodrigues Silva de; Souza, Gustavo Henrique Bianco de; Belinelo, Valdenir José; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoTalinum paniculatum (Portulacaceae) is popularly known in the region of Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, as “Maria Gorda” or “Benção-de-Deus” and in traditional medicine it is used to treat inflammatory processes in general. After dried and fragmented, the plant was sequentially submitted to exhaustive percolation with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The crude extracts were investigated for their anti-edematogenic and anti-nociceptive activities through formalin-induced paw edema model. In comparison with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin, the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed higher anti-edematogenic and anti-nociceptive activity. In addition, through phytochemical studies, from these extracts were isolated and identified potassium nitrate (1), the mixture of long chain hiodrocarbons hentriacontane (2), dotriacontane (3), tritriacontane (4) and pentatriacontane (5). heneicosanoic acid (6), the ester nonacosyl nonacosanoate (7), urea (8), 3-O-b -Dglucosyl- b -sitosterol (9); the mixture of b -sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11), and a pentaciclyc triterpene 3-O-acethyl-aleuritolic acid (12). X-Ray difratometry was used for the characterization of inorganic constituent. TLC, HR-CG and spectrometric methods (IR. 1H and 13C NMR) were used to identify the structures of organic compounds. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that compound 1 to 8 and 12 are cited as constituents of T. paniculatum.Item Antioxidant activity of Maytenus imbricata Mart., Celastraceae.(2009) Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Souza, Silvia Ribeiro de; Barbosa, Luiz Cláudio de Almeida; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Ribeiro, Sônia Machado Rocha; Queiroz, José Humberto de; Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Oliveira, Márcio L. R.A atividade antioxidante, poder redutor (RP) e a atividade coletora de radicais livres (FRS) usando 2,2-difenil- 1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), e a concentração de substâncias fenólicas totais dos extratos e substâncias isoladas das folhas, caules e raízes de Maytenus imbricata Mart. (Celastraceae) foram avaliados. Alguns extratos, a mistura de compostos fenólicos e epicatequina mostraram alto poder redutor e atividade antioxidante (DPPH) em comparação com o padrão butilhidroxianisol (BHA) e ácido gálhico (GA) utilizados no ensaio. O extrato acetato de etila das folhas mosraram alto teor de substâncias fenólicas e alto poder redutor e atividade antioxidante em relação aos outros extratos. Este fato indica haver alguma relação entre a concentração de substâncias fenólicas e o poder redutor. O solvente usado no processo de extração influencia a composição química dos extratos e, consequentemente, as atividades redutoras e antioxidantes.Item Celastráceas : fontes de triterpenos pentacíclicos com potencial atividade biológica.(2014) Silva, Fernando César; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoA família Celastraceae, comumente conhecida como família agridoce, devido ao sabor de seus frutos, possui diversos relatos de uso na medicina popular. Na América do Sul é representada, principalmente, pelo gênero Maytenus, que tem atraído a atenção de muitos pesquisadores por suas propriedades antitumorais. Dos metabólitos isolados, os triterpenos pentacíclicos se destacam, sendo que, os de esqueleto quinonametídeo são os marcadores quimiotaxônomicos dessa família. Os esqueletos triterpênicos têm 30 carbonos compreendendo cinco anéis de seis membros cada ou quatro anéis de seis membros mais um anel de cinco. Eles são de grande interesse devido às diversas atividades biológicas apresentadas, servindo como candidatos ou protótipos de novos fármacos. Devido a todas essas características, em poucos anos, inúmeros estudos têm sido dedicados aos triterpenos.Item Chemical constituents from branches of Maytenus gonoclada (Celastraceae) and evaluation of antimicrobial activity.(2011) Silva, Fernando César; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Lula, Ivana Silva; Takahashi, Jacqueline Aparecida; Sallum, William S. T.Seis triterpenos pentacíclicos isolados dos galhos de Maytenus gonoclada (Celastraceae), incluindo todos os dados de RMN do novo composto 3-oxo-12α,29-diidroxifriedelano são aqui relatados. A estereoquímica do novo friedelano foi estabelecida por dados de RMN bidimensional (HSQC, HMBC e NOESY), e sua massa molecular confirmada por espectrometria de massas (ESI). Testes de atividade antimicrobiana usando método de difusão em disco e de macrodiluição foram realizados contra as bactérias Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii e Bacillus cereus, e contra o fungo Candida albicans. O triterpeno 3-oxo-12a-hidroxifriedelano mostrou resultado positivo contra C. albicans.Item Chemical constituents of Salacia elliptica (celastraceae).(2010) Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Figueiredo, Rute Cunha; Sousa, Grasiely Faria de; Soares, Débora Barbosa da Silva; Rodrigues, Salomão Bento Vasconcelos; Silva, Fernando César; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoThe chemical investigation of Salacia elliptica allowed to the isolation of 20 constituents: two polyols, one xanthone, a mixture of long chain hydrocarbons, one carboxylic acid, one polymer, two steroidal compounds, one aromatic ester and eleven pentacyclic triterpenes. These triterpenes include 3β-stearyloxy-oleanane, 3β-stearyloxy-ursane, one seco-friedelane, and eight compounds of the friedelane serie. The chemical structure and the relative configuration of a new triterpene 1,3-dioxo-16α-hydroxyfriedelane (15) were established through 1H and 13C NMR including 2D experiments (HMBC, HMQC, COSY and NOESY) and herein reported for the first time.Item Chemodiversity of essential oils from nine species of Celastraceae.(2020) Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Camargo, Karen Caroline; Vidal, Diogo Montes; Pereira, Hebert Vinicius; Pereira, Rafael César Gonçalves; Aguilar, Mariana Guerra de; Sousa, Grasiely Faria de; Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Simões, Maria O. Mercadante; Messias, Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga; Oliveira, Djalma Menezes deExtracts and compounds obtained from several species of Celastraceae family are reported as potential sources of drugs due to their diverse pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, essential oil composition from these species is still little known. This work aimed the analysis of essential oils obtained from different Brazilian Celastraceae species. A total of seventeen oils were obtained using hydrodistillation process and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the identification of a chemical composition pattern among the analyzed essential oils. Some compounds were more frequent among Celastraceae species, such as cis and trans-oxide linalool (14/17 oil samples), nerylacetone (13/17), linalool (11/17), β-ionone (10/17), α-ionone (9/17), nerolidol (10/17), decanal (10/17) and dodecanoic acid (10/17). These results contribute to the chemophenetics of Celastraceae species.Item Combined experimental powder x-ray diffraction and DFT data to obtain the lowest energy molecular conformation of friedelin.(2012) Oliveira, Djalma Menezes de; Mussel, Wagner da Nova; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Duarte, Hélio Anderson; Gomes, Elionai Cassiana de Lima; Guimarães, Luciana; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoFriedelin molecular conformers were obtained by Density Functional Theory (DFT) and by ab initio structure determination from powder X-ray diffraction. Their conformers with the five rings in chair-chair-chair-boat-boat, and with all rings in chair, are energy degenerated in gas-phase according to DFT results. The powder diffraction data reveals that rings A, B and C of friedelin are in chair, and rings D and E in boat-boat, conformation. The high correlation values among powder diffraction data, DFT and reported single-crystal data indicate that the use of conventional X-ray diffractometer can be applied in routine laboratory analysis in the absence of a single-crystal diffractometer.Item Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of a new polyester sesquiterpene from Austroplenckia populnea.(2000) Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Santos, Marcelo Henrique dos; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Lula, Ivana Silva; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franconew polyester sesquiterpene (4-hydroxy-1,2,6,15-tetraacetyl-9-benzoylagarofuran), together with known friedelane triterpenes (friedelin, -friedelinol and 28-hydroxyfriedelin), was isolated from the leaves of Austroplenckia populnea. The structure and relative stereochemistry of the new ester were based on 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques including HMBC, HMQC and NOESY.Item Constituents of fruit pulp of Maytenus salicifolia and complete 1D/2D NMR data of 3beta-hydroxy-D-B-friedo-olean-5-ene.(2010) Valladão, Frederico Nunes; Miranda, Roqueline Rodrigues Silva de; Oliveira, Gabriela Soares de; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoA mixture of long-chain hydrocarbons constituted by nonacosane (29C, 7.5%), hentriacontane (31C, 48.3%), and tritriacontane (33C, 30.1%), the ester 1 -acetyloxymethylpentacosa-20 -enyl 10-hydroxydecanoate (2), -amyrin (3), friedelin (4), and lupeol (5), and 3 -hydroxy-D:B-friedo-olean-5-ene (6) were identified as constituents of fruits of Maytenus salicifolia Reissek (Celastraceae). The structural formula and the stereochemistry of compound 6 were established by the data obtained through 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including DEPT-135 and 2D (HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) experiments. By analysis of the spectral data, it was possible to correct seven chemical shift assignments of compound 6, which were erroneous attributed and published in the scientific literature.Item Constituintes químicos e atividade antiespermatogênica em folhas de Austroplenckia populnea (Celastraceae).(2002) Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Mazaro, Renata; Stasi, Luiz Cláudio DiFolhas de Austroplenckia populnea (mangabarana, marmelinho do campo) foram submetidas a estudo fitoquímico. Do extrato hexânico foram isolados e identificados três triterpenos pentacíclicos e um sesquiterpeno agarofurânico inédito. Realizou-se testes de atividade antiespermatogência utilizando parte deste extrato. Os resultados mostraram uma redução significativa do número de espermatozoides no epidídimo.Item Constituintes químicos e efeito ecotoxicológico do óleo volátil de folhas de Eucalyptus urograndis (Mirtaceae).(2010) Araújo, Fabíola Oliveira Lino de; Rietzler, Arnola Cecília; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Carazza, Fernando; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoThe volatile oil from the leaves of E. urograndis was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. It was identified 10 compounds in which, orto-cimene (41.4%) and 1,8-cineol (25.8%) were the main constituents. The induction of deleterious effect to aquatic organisms due to the presence of volatile oil lixiviated from E. urograndis leaves was studied using Daphnia laevis and D. similis as bioindicators. Through the results of toxicological tests it was possible to show that the litterbag of E. urograndis represents a risk factor for the aquatic ecosystem of lakes and rivers that are in the surrounding area of large scale Eucalyptus plantations. The method can be used for monitor the quality of these types of aquatic environments.Item Cytotoxicity, anti-poliovirus activity and in silico biological evaluation of constituents from Maytenus gonoclada (Celastraceae).(2014) Oliveira, Mauro Lúcio Gonçalves de; Assenço, Regina Aparecida Gomes; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Lopes, Júlio César Dias; Silva, Fernando César; Lanna, Maria Célia da Silva; Magalhães, José Carlos de; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoObjective: The in silico free access web tools PASS online and ChemMapper were used to predict potential biological activities of compounds 1 to 8 isolated from Maytenus gonoclada (Celastraceae). The constituents 4’-O-methylepigalocatequin (6), tingenone (7) and proanthocyanidin A (8), and ethanolic extracts were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity using VERO cells and anti-Poliovirus assays. Methods: QSAR and molecular superposition, correlating the average number of pharmacophores were used in the prediction studies. Cellular line VERO ATCC CCL-81 was used to determine anti-Poliovirus effect, observed by colorimetric (MTT) method. The annexing V/propidium iodide assay was used to determine the occurrence of apoptosis in the cytotoxicity assays. Results: The experimental results found for constituents 6-8 were in accordance with observed data obtained through PASS online and ChemMapper simulation. Conclusion: Compound 7 showed higher cytotoxic and apoptosis induction properties, and 6 and 8 presented anti-Poliovirus activity.Item Detection of the antiviral activity of epicatechin isolated from Salacia crassifolia (Celastraceae) against Mayaro virus based on protein C homology modelling and virtual screening.(2018) Ferreira, Priscila Gonçalves; Ferraz, Ariane Coelho; Figueiredo, Jenyfer Emanuelle; Lima, Caroline Ferrante; Rodrigues, Vanessa Gregório; Taranto, Alex Gutterres; Ferreira, Jaqueline Maria Siqueira; Brandão, Geraldo Célio; Vieira Filho, Sidney Augusto; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Magalhães, Cíntia Lopes de Brito; Magalhães, José Carlos deMayaro fever, caused by Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a sub-lethal disease with symptoms that are easily confused with those of dengue fever, except for polyarthralgia, which may culminate in physical incapacitation. Recently, outbreaks of MAYV have been documented in metropolitan areas, and to date, there is no therapy or vaccine available. Moreover, there is no information regarding the three-dimensional structure of the viral proteins of MAYV, which is important in the search for antivirals. In this work, we constructed a three-dimensional model of protein C of MAYV by homology modelling, and this was employed in a manner similar to that of receptors in virtual screening studies to evaluate 590 molecules as prospective antiviral agents. In vitro bioassays were utilized to confirm the potential antiviral activity of the flavonoid epicatechin isolated from Salacia crassifolia (Celastraceae). The virtual screening showed that six flavonoids were promising ligands for protein C. The bioassays showed potent antiviral action of epicatechin, which protected the cells from almost all of the effects of viral infection. An effective concentration (EC50) of 0.247 μmol/mL was observed with a selectivity index (SI) of 7. The cytotoxicity assay showed that epicatechin has low toxicity, with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) greater than 1.723 µmol/mL. Epicatechin was found to be twice as potent as the reference antiviral ribavirin. Furthermore, a replication kinetics assay showed a strong inhibitory effect of epicatechin on MAYV growth, with a reduction of at least four logs in virus production. Our results indicate that epicatechin is a promising candidate for further testing as an antiviral agent against Mayaro virus and other alphaviruses.Item Effect of constituents from samaras of Austroplenckia populnea (Celastraceae) on human cancer cells.(2014) Caneschi, Carolina Milagres; Muniyappa, Mohan Kumar; Duarte, Lucienir Pains; Silva, Grácia Divina de Fátima; Santos, Orlando David Henrique dos; Spillane, Charles; Vieira Filho, Sidney AugustoBackground: Aiming the continuity of the studies of Austroplenckia populnea, Brazilian species of the Celastraceae family, in the present study, it was investigated the effect of crude extracts obtained with ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform and two purified constituents, proanthocyanidin A and 4’-O-methylepigallocatechin, both isolated from its samaras, on cancer cell proliferation assays. Materials and Methods: The human cancer cells lines MCF-7 (ductal breast carcinoma), A549 (lung cancer), HS578T (ductal breast carcinoma) and non-cancer HEK293 (embryonic kidney cells) were treated with different concentrations of extracts and constituents and the effect was observed through the acid phosphatase method. The chemical structures of the purified compounds were identified by the respective IR and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. Results: While crude extracts from samaras of the folk medicine A. populnea can trigger cell proliferative effects in human cell lines, the purified compounds (proanthocyanidin A and 4’-O-methyl-epigallocatechin) isolated from the same extracts can have an opposite (anti-proliferative) effect. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was possible to suggest that extracts from samaras of A. populnea should be further investigated for possible cancer-promoting activities; and the active extracts can also represent a source of compounds that have anti-cancer properties.
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