Cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction : focus on NO bioavailability and ROS generation.
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2008
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Introduction—Thirty million men in the United States suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED) and
this number is expected to double by 2025. Considered a major public health problem, which
seriously affects the quality of life of patients and their partners, ED becomes increasingly
prevalent with age and chronic smoking is a major risk factor in the development of ED.
Aim—To review available evidence concerning the effects of cigarette smoking on vascular
changes associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation.Methods—We examined epidemiological and clinical data linking cigarette smoking and ED,
and the effects of smoking on vascular NO bioavailability and ROS generation.
Main Outcome Measures—There are strong parallels between smoking and ED and
considerable evidence supporting the concept that smoking-related ED is associated with reduced
bioavailability of NO because of increased ROS.
Results—Cigarette smoking-induced ED in human and animal models is associated with
impaired arterial flow to the penis or acute vasospasm of the penile arteries. Long-term smoking
produces detrimental effects on the vascular endothelium and peripheral nerves and also causes
ultrastructural damage to the corporal tissue, all considered to play a role in chronic smokinginduced
ED. Clinical and basic science studies provide strong indirect evidence that smoking may
affect penile erection by the impairment of endothelium-dependent smooth muscle relaxation or
more specifically by affecting NO production via increased ROS generation. Whether nicotine or
other products of cigarette smoke mediate all effects related to vascular damage is still unknown.
Conclusions—Smoking prevention represents an important approach for reducing the risk of
ED. The characterization of the components of cigarette smoke leading to ED and the mechanisms
by which these components alter signaling pathways activated in erectile responses are necessary
for a complete comprehension of cigarette smoking-associated ED.
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Passive smoking, Nitric Oxide, Reactive Oxygen Species
Citação
PASSAGLIA, R. de. C. A. T. et al. Cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction: focus on NO bioavailability and ROS generation. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, v. 5, p. 1284-1295, 2008. Disponível em: <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743609515320634>. Acesso em: 10 jan. 2017.