ENUT - Escola de Nutrição

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Absence of religious beliefs, unhealthy eating habits, illicit drug abuse, and self-rated health is associated with alcohol and tobacco use among college students — PADu study.
(2022) Guimarães, Nathalia Sernizon; Paula, Waléria de; Aguiar, Aline Silva de; Meireles, Adriana Lúcia
Aim Describing the factors associated with the alcohol consumption, tobacco use, binge drinking, and “binge drinking and tobacco use” by college students. Subject and methods Cross-sectional study carried out with 356 first-semester college students of a public educational institution at Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits (alcohol consumption, tobacco and illicit drugs use, exposure time on screens, and eating habits), and health conditions (weight, height, self-rated health, symptoms of anxiety, and depression) were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata® software version 13.0. Results The prevalence of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, binge drinking, and “binge drinking and tobacco use” were 73.9%, 17.4%, 43.5%, and 13.4%, respectively. Had no religious beliefs was associated with alcohol consumption (OR: 1.86 95% CI 1.06– 3.27), tobacco use (OR: 2.00 95% CI 1.06–3.78), and “binge drinking and tobacco use” (OR: 2.33 95% CI 1.09–4.96). Unhealthy eating habits was associated with alcohol consumption (OR: 2.06 95% CI 1.06–3.97) and tobacco use (OR: 2.74 95% CI 1.33–5.68; OR: 0.75 95% CI 0.31–1.80). Illicit drugs was associated with alcohol consumption (OR: 8.55 95% CI 1.12–65.42) and tobacco use (OR: 3.19 95% CI 1.20–8.51). Self-rated health was associated with tobacco use, combined (OR: 2.93 95% CI 1.37–6.28) or not (OR: 2.46 95% CI 1.32–4.61) with binge drinking. Additionally, tobacco use was associated with white skin color (OR: 2.62 95% CI 1.35– 5.07) and being homosexual (OR: 0.37 95% CI 0.18–0.75). Moreover, “binge drinking” was associated with being overweight (OR: 1.72 95% CI 1.03–2.84). Associations remained in the age and sex adjustment. Conclusion It was observed that some factors associated with alcohol consumption and tobacco use are modifiable risk factors. Therefore, we suggest strategic actions focusing on raising the population’s awareness to change these factors. Longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the causal relationship between studied variables and, thus, develop strategic actions to improve the life quality of this population group.
Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) dietary intake affects plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer to high-density lipoprotein and redox metabolism : a prospective study in women.
(2016) Pala, Daniela; Barbosa, Priscila Oliveira; Silva, Carla Teixeira; Souza, Melina Oliveira de; Freitas, Fatima Rodrigues; Volp, Ana Carolina Pinheiro; Maranhão, Raul Cavalcante; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de
The açai fruit (Euterpe oleracea Martius), which is native to the Brazilian Amazon region, was shown to have high polyphenols and MUFA contents. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of açai consumption on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, the transfer of lipids to HDL (which is a relevant HDL function), and some biomarkers of redox metabolism. Forty healthy volunteer women aged 24 ± 3 years consumed 200 g of açai pulp/day for 4 weeks; their clinical variables and blood sample were obtained before and after this period. Açai pulp consumption did not alter anthropometric parameters, systemic arterial pressure, glucose, insulin and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein (apo) B, but it did increase the concentration of apo A-I. Açai consumption decreased the ROS, ox-LDL and malondialdehyde while increasing the activity of antioxidative paraoxonase 1. Overall, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased. Regarding the transfer of plasma lipids to HDL, açai consumption increased the transfer of cholesteryl esters (p ¼ 0.0043) to HDL. Unesterified cholesterol, phospholipids and triglyceride transfers were unaffected. The increase in apo A-I and the cholesteryl ester transfer to HDL after the açai intake period suggests that an improvement in the metabolism of this lipoprotein occurred, and it is well known that HDL is protective against atherosclerosis. Another important finding was the general improvement of the anti-oxidant defences elicited by açai consumption. Our data indicate that açai has favourable actions on plasma HDL metabolism and anti-oxidant defence; therefore açai could have a beneficial overall role against atherosclerosis, and it is a consistently good candidate to consider as a functional food.
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp dietary intake improves cellular antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers of serum in healthy women.
(2015) Barbosa, Priscila Oliveira; Pala, Daniela; Silva, Carla Teixeira; Souza, Melina Oliveira de; Amaral, Joana Ferreira do; Vieira, Renata Adrielle Lima; Folly, Gilce Andrezza de Freitas; Volp, Ana Carolina Pinheiro; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ac¸ ai pulp (Euterpe oleracea Martius) intake on the prevention of oxidative damage by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers of protein oxidation in women. Methods: A nutritional intervention study was conducted with thirty-five healthy women who were asked to consume 200 g/d of ac¸ ai pulp for 4 wk. Blood samples were collected, and blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured before and after the experimental period. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, production of reactive oxygen species, and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated in polymorphonuclear cells. Serum concentration of protein carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups were also determined. Results: The ac¸ ai intake increased catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, it reduced serum concentration of protein carbonyl and increased total serum sulfhydryl groups. Conclusions: These results show the antioxidant benefit of dietary açai for the healthy women included in the present study, and may increase understanding of the beneficial health properties of this fruit.
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) promotes jejunal tissue regeneration by enhancing antioxidant response in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced mucositis.
(2020) Magalhães, Talita Alves Faria Martins; Souza, Melina Oliveira de; Gomes, Sttefany Viana; Silva, Raiana Mendes e; Martins, Flaviano dos Santos; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de; Amaral, Joana Ferreira do
Intestinal mucositis (IM) caused by antineoplastic chemotherapy is characterized by an important inflammatory process, which may compromise ongoing treatment. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Ac¸aı (Euterpe oleracea Martius) on the antioxidant response in BALB/c mice pretreated with Ac¸aı pulp (200 g/kg) for 14 day. A group of animals receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (200 mg/kg) were euthanized on day three (D3) or seven (D7) after administration, the distal jejunum was isolated for the analyses of histology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, and concentration of total sulfhydryl groups (GSH). Seven days after induction, the intake of Ac¸aı by the IM group almost completely regenerated tissue histology. Notably, SOD activity decreased in the MUC þ Ac¸aı group (D3). CAT activity reduced on D3 and D7 in the IM groups and Ac¸aı treatment groups, respectively. No change was observed in the total GSH concentration at the tissue level. Our results demonstrated the protective effect of Ac¸aı pulp components on intestinal damage induced by 5-FU, as well as the ability to control the response to oxidative stress, in order to mobilize defense pathways and promote tissue repair.
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) supplementation improves oxidative stress biomarkers in liver tissue of dams fed a high-fat diet and increases antioxidant enzymes’ gene expression in offspring.
(2021) Barbosa, Priscila Oliveira; Souza, Melina Oliveira de; Silva, Maraísa Porfíria S.; Santos, Gabrielly Thaís dos; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Bermano, Giovanna; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de
Lipids excess from an uterine environment can increase free radicals production of and thus induce oxidative status imbalance, a key factor for progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in offspring. Food antioxidant components in maternal diet may play an important role in preventing offspring metabolic disorders. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of açaí pulp supplementation on maternal high-fat diet, by assessing activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the liver. Female Fisher rats were divided into four groups and fed a control diet (C), a high-fat diet (HF), a control diet supplemented with açaí (CA) and a high-fat diet supplemented with açaí (HFA) before mating, during gestation and lactation. The effects of açaí supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes expression were evaluated in dams and male offspring after weaning. HFA diet increased body weight in dams, however reduced absolute and relative liver weight. There was a reduction in liver biomarkers of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein, as well as in catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity. In offspring, HFA diet reduced liver weight and increased Gpx1, Gpx4 and Sod1 mRNA expression. These results suggest that açaí is able to restore redox status, preventing oxidative damage in dams by a direct mechanism and to promote beneficial effects on expression of antioxidant defences related genes in offspring.
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) supplementation in the diet during gestation and lactation attenuates liver steatosis in dams and protects ofspring.
(2019) Barbosa, Priscila Oliveira; Souza, Melina Oliveira de; Paiva, Deuziane Pereira Domingos de; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Lima, Wanderson Geraldo de; Bermano, Giovanna; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de
Purpose: Maternal high-fat diet affects offspring and can induce metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). New therapeutic strategies are being investigated as way to prevent or attenuate this condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of açaí supplementation in the maternal high-fat diet on dams and offspring lipid metabolism. Methods: Female Fisher rats were divided in four groups and fed a control diet (C), a high-fat diet (HF), an açaí supplemented diet (CA) and a high-fat diet supplemented with açaí (HFA) 2 weeks before mating, during gestation and lactation. The effects of açaí were evaluated in the male offspring after birth (P1) and weaning (P21). Results: HFA reduced relative liver weight, fat and cholesterol liver content in dams and improved liver steatosis as confirmed by histological analyses. HFA increased serum cholesterol and expression of Srebpf1 and Fasn genes. In offspring, HFA decreased relative liver weight, and serum cholesterol only in P21. An increase in the Sirt1, Srebpf1 and Fasn genes expression was observed in P21. Conclusions: These results suggest that açaí supplementation may attenuate NAFLD in dams and protect offspring from the detrimental effects of lipid excess from a maternal high-fat diet.
Açaí : an ally for human health?
(2018) Barbosa, Priscila Oliveira; Pala, Daniela; Souza, Melina Oliveira de; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de
Nutrition is one of the oldest sciences that aims to study the interactions between food, nutrients and human health. This fact can be checked from the famous citation of Hippocrates, considered the father of the modern medicine “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”. In the last decades several studies have attributed to foods the ability to provide benefits which go beyond its macronutrient content, being able to act on cellular signaling pathways reducing the incidence of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (1).
Ação da dieta hiperlipídica em camundongos infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi e submetidos ao tratamento com Sinvastatina.
(2015) Souza, Débora Maria Soares de; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa da; Silva, Camilo Adalton Mariano da; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa da; Costa, Daniela Caldeira; Silva, Vanessa Pinho da; Silva, Camilo Adalton Mariano da
O Trypanosoma cruzi é um protozoário capaz de provocar um processo inflamatório no hospedeiro infectado conduzindo-o ao desenvolvimento de possíveis alterações cardíacas, do trato digestivo e/ou do sistema nervoso autonômico. Durante o processo de invasão de células do hospedeiro, o sistema imune libera uma série de mediadores inflamatórios com o objetivo de eliminar o parasito e controlar a inflamação para evitar dano tecidual. Atualmente, o Benznidazol e o Nifurtimox têm sido os fármacos utilizados na clínica para eliminar diretamente o T. cruzi e, indiretamente, modular a resposta imune do hospedeiro responsável pela imunopatogênese durante a infecção pelo parasito. Porém, alguns grupos têm investigados outras categorias farmacológicas capazes de amenizar a resposta inflamatória cardíaca e, consequentemente, melhorar a funcionalidade do órgão. Inibidores da ECA, betabloqueadores e fármacos com ação sob a HMG-CoA, especialmente o grupo farmacológico das estatinas, têm sido importantes alvos de investigação tanto em modelo experimental e em seres humanos, uma vez que apresentam funções anticolesterolêmicas e efeitos pleiotrópicos na regulação da resposta inflamatória. Outro fator importante para a determinação das funções fisiológicas é o consumo alimentar. Nesse sentido, uma dieta hiperlipídica pode favorecer o acúmulo de tecido adiposo que exerce importante papel na formação estrutural da resposta imune e pode interferir, direta ou indiretamente, na eficiência dessa resposta contra agentes infecciosos e/ou parasitários, a destacar o Trypanosoma cruzi. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da dieta hiperlipídica (60% de lipídeos) em camundongos isogênicos (C57BL/6) infectados pelo T. cruzi, submetidos à terapia diária com Sinvastatina. Grupos (n=10) de animais fêmeas com 3 semanas de idade foram submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica ou normolipídica por 60 dias e posteriormente infectados ou não com a cepa VL-10 do T.cruzi e tratados ou não, por via oral, com 20mg/kg/peso de Sinvastatina por 30 dias. Avaliou-se a parasitemia, ganho de peso e, após eutanásia no 30º dia pós-infecção, alterações no perfil colesterolêmico e de produção de citocinas e quimiocinas no soro e/ou tecidos (coração, fígado e tecido adiposo). Os resultados mostraram ação da Sinvastatina na redução da parasitemia, assim como na produção da quimiocinas CCL2. Em suma, a dieta hiperlipídica eleva os níveis de citocinas inflamatórias, e o tratamento com a Sinvastatina contribui para diminuir a replicação parasitária, tornando-se uma via protetora potencial para o sistema cardiovascular, alvo primário das respostas agudas e crônicas anti-T. cruzi.
Acceptance of handmade products containing nuts and fructooligosaccharides.
(2013) Folly, Gilce Andrezza de Freitas; Silva, Ester Neiva da; Verner, Fabiana Vieira; Silva, Fernanda Cacilda dos Santos; Volp, Ana Carolina Pinheiro
Introduction: Prebiotic and food with functional properties are beneficial for consumers through prevention of many diseases. Aim: Verify the acceptance of handmade product (chocolate bar, soy sweet and sweet bread) formulated based on oil seeds (flaxseed, peanut and Brazil nut) and or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Methods: Four samples of each handmade product were prepared adding different concentrations of oil seed and FOS. The sensory evaluation was performed by a sample of 373 consumers; 126, 121 and 126 tasters of chocolate bar, soy sweet and sweet bread, respectively, using a hedonic scale of nine points. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. Results and Discussion: Observing the trials averages, we inferred that samples of sweet bread with Brazil nut and/or FOS had the greater acceptance. However, all the samples are good market alternatives because they had presented averages between 6 and 9 points, and conferred accretion of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, protein, fiber, antioxidant vitamins and minerals, as well as, phytochemicals, which plays an important role in health promotion. Conclusion: The handmade products formulated based on oil seeds and FOS had good acceptance and can improve the consumer dietary patterns. But, in order to prove the functionality of these products, new studies should be performed.
Acyl homoserine lactone changes the abundance of proteins and the levels of organic acids associated with stationary phase in Salmonella Enteritidis.
(2017) Almeida, Felipe Alves de; Pimentel Filho, Natan de Jesus; Carrijo, Lanna Clícia; Bento, Cláudia Braga Pereira; Pereira, Maria Cristina Baracat; Pinto, Uelinton Manoel; Oliveira, Leandro Licursi de; Vanetti, Maria Cristina Dantas
Quorum sensing (QS) is cell-cell communication mechanism mediated by signaling molecules known as autoinducers (AIs) that lead to differential gene expression. Salmonella is unable to synthesize the AI-1 acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), but is able to recognize AHLs produced by other microorganisms through SdiA protein. Our study aimed to evaluate the influence of AI-1 on the abundance of proteins and the levels of organic acids of Salmonella Enteritidis. The presence of N-dodecyl-homoserine lactone (C12- HSL) did not interfere on the growth or the total amount of extracted proteins of Salmonella. However, the abundance of the proteins PheT, HtpG, PtsI, Adi, TalB, PmgI (or GpmI), Eno, and PykF enhanced while the abundance of the proteins RplB, RplE, RpsB, Tsf, OmpA, OmpC, OmpD, and GapA decreased when Salmonella Enteritidis was anaerobically cultivated in the presence of C12-HSL. Additionally, the bacterium produced less succinic, lactic, and acetic acids in the presence of C12-HSL. However, the concentration of extracellular formic acid reached 20.46 mM after 24 h and was not detected when the growth was in the absence of AI-1. Considering the cultivation period for protein extraction, their abundance, process and function, as well as the levels of organic acids, we observed in cells cultivated in presence of C12-HSL a correlation with what is described in the literature as entry into the stationary phase of growth, mainly related to nitrogen and amino acid starvation and acid stress. Further studies are needed in order to determine the specific role of the differentially abundant proteins and extracellular organic acids secreted by Salmonella in the presence of quorum sensing signaling molecules.
Acyl homoserine lactone‑based quorum sensing stimulates biofilm formation by Salmonella Enteritidis in anaerobic conditions.
(2017) Almeida, Felipe Alves de; Pimentel Filho, Natan de Jesus; Pinto, Uelinton Manoel; Mantovani, Hilário Cuquetto; Oliveira, Leandro Licursi de; Vanetti, Maria Cristina Dantas
Quorum sensing regulates a variety of phenotypes in bacteria including the production of virulence factors. Salmonella spp. have quorum sensing systems mediated by three autoinducers (AI-1, AI-2, and AI-3). The AI-1-mediated system is incomplete in that the bacterium relies on the synthesis of signaling molecules by other microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the AI-1 N-dodecanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C12- HSL) on the growth, motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT4 578 on a polystyrene surface. Experiments were conducted at 37 °C in anaerobic tryptone soy broth supplemented with C12-HSL and/or a mixture of four synthetic furanones, at the concentration of 50 nM each. The planktonic growth, adhesion, swarming, and twitching motility were not altered in the presence of C12-HSL and/or furanones under anaerobic conditions. However, C12-HSL induced biofilm formation after 36 h of cultivation as determined by quantification of biofilm formation, by enumeration of adhered cells to polystyrene coupons, and finally by imaging the presence of multilayered cells on an epifluorescence microscope. When furanones were present in the medium, an antagonistic effect against C12-HSL on the biofilm development was observed. The results demonstrate an induction of biofilm formation in Salmonella Enteritidis by AI-1 under anaerobic conditions. Considering that Salmonella does not produce AI-1 but respond to it, C12-HSL synthesized by other bacterial species could trigger biofilm formation by this pathogen in conditions that are relevant for its pathogenesis.
Adaptação transcultural e confiabilidade de medidas de características autorreferidas de vizinhança no ELSA-Brasil.
(2013) Santos, Simone M.; Griep, Rosane Härter; Cardoso, Leticia de Oliveira; Alves, Márcia Guimarães de Mello; Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes da; Giatti, Luana; Chor, Dóra
OBJETIVO: Descrever o processo de adaptação de escalas de medida de características de vizinhança para o português brasileiro. MÉTODOS: As dimensões abordadas foram coesão social, ambiente propício para atividade física, disponibilidade de alimentos saudáveis, segurança em relação a crimes, violência percebida e vitimização. No processo de adaptação foram avaliados aspectos de equivalência entre as escalas originais e respectivas versões para o português. A confi abilidade teste-reteste foi avaliada em submostra de 261 participantes do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) que responderam ao mesmo questionário em dois momentos distintos em um intervalo de tempo de sete a 14 dias entre as duas aplicações. RESULTADOS: Os aspectos de equivalência avaliados mostraram-se adequados. O coefi ciente de correlação intraclasse variou entre 0,83 (IC95% 0,78;0,87) para Coesão Social e 0,90 (IC95% 0,87;0,92) para Ambiente para Atividade Física. As escalas apresentaram consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) que variaram entre 0,60 e 0,84. CONCLUSÕES: As medidas autorreferidas de características de vizinhança tiveram reprodutibilidade muito boa e boa consistência interna. Os resultados sugerem que essas escalas podem ser utilizadas em estudos com população brasileira que apresente características similares àquelas do ELSA-Brasil.
Adequabilidade da assistência pré-natal e fatores associados em um município de Minas Gerais.
(2016) Pereira, Ricardo Duarte; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de; Gouvêa, Graziela Dutra Rocha; Sírio, Marília Alfenas de Oliveira; Silva, Camilo Adalton Mariano da; Sól, Núncio Antônio Araújo; Sírio, Marília Alfenas de Oliveira; Gouvêa, Graziela Dutra Rocha; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de
O pré-natal consiste na assistência que é prestada à gestante desde o início da gravidez, com o objetivo de favorecer melhores condições de saúde para a mãe e o bebê. A qualidade do pré-natal pode ser avaliada utilizando-se o cartão da gestante, já que possui informações sobre os procedimentos realizados. Objetivo: Descrever a adequabilidade da assistência pré-natal do sistema único de saúde e sua associação com as características das gestantes e condições do recém-nascido, no município de Ouro Preto-MG. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, com gestantes acompanhadas no sistema SUS do município e que realizaram o parto na Santa Casa de Ouro Preto entre junho de 2013 a maio de 2014. A população foi descrita através de frequência absoluta e média e posteriormente as gestantes por meio da análise de cluster foram alocadas em três grupos, e posteriormente classificados em assistência adequada, intermediária e inadequada, conforme as recomendações. A análise de regressão logística multinomial foi realizada para verificar a associação entre a adequação da assistência, condições do recém-nascido e covariáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas e clínicas das gestantes. Devido a falta de associação entre adequação da assistência e condição ao nascer na análise anterior, optou-se por realizar uma regressão logística dicotômica para verificar se a falta de associação permaneceria. Análise de comparação das médias de peso ao nascer e Apgar de acordo com a adequação da assistência foi realizada. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 276 puérperas, entre 15 e 44 anos, com média de idade de 26,2 anos. A maioria das mulheres (56,5%) possuía 9 anos ou mais de estudo, iniciaram o acompanhamento no primeiro trimestre (59,8%) e realizaram seis ou mais consultas (89,5%). Quanto aos recém-nascidos, 50,7% era do sexo feminino, 88,4% nasceram com peso adequado, 96,4% nasceram a termo e 96,4% com boa condição vital. Após a primeira análise de cluster as gestantes do grupo 1 foram classificadas com assistência adequada (29,7%), o grupo 2 inadequada (36,2%) e o grupo 3 em intermediária (34,1%). A partir da regressão logística multinomial não foi observada associação entre a adequabilidade do pré-natal, condição do recém-nascido e covariáveis maternas. A partir da estratificação da assistência em adequada e inadequada observou-se que, somente as covariáveis maternas idade, estado civil e primeira gestação apresentaram associação à adequabilidade do pré-natal. Sendo observado que, mulheres com 34 anos de idade ou menos apresentaram uma chance de aproximadamente 8 vezes maior de ter um pré-natal inadequado quando comparadas aquelas com 35 anos de idade ou mais. Gestantes solteiras apresentam quase duas vezes em relação as casadas e aquelas na primeira gestação uma chance 1,63 maior quando comparadas as com duas ou mais gestações de ter uma assistência pré-natal inadequada. Conclusão: O estudo revelou falta de associação entre a adequação da assistência pré-natal e a condição do recém-nascido (peso ao nascer e Apgar), sendo que as possíveis causas da não associação entre condição ao nascer e adequação da assistência pré-natal pode-se citar o fato de que as gestantes de alto risco não participaram do estudo por serem acompanhadas em outro município e que os partos com presença de agravantes são encaminhados para os serviços de referência da capital do estado.
Adequação da alimentação oferecida para alcoolistas em tratamento e seu impacto nutricional.
(2013) Toffolo, Mayla Cardoso Fernandes; Marliére, Cláudia Aparecida; Aguiar, Aline Silva de
Objetivo: Avaliar a oferta de energia, macro e micronutrientes para alcoolistas em tratamento e seu impacto no estado nutricional. Metodos: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, com 21 pacientes alcoolistas em tratamento no Centro psicosocial de Usuarios de Alcool e Drogas (CAPSad). Foi realizado avaliacao antropometrica dois momentos T=0 (momento inicial do tratamento) e T=3 (apos 3 meses de tratamento). Foram coletadas neste periodo todas as refeicoes ofertadas aos usuarios, uma vez por semana, em dias distintos que contemplou os cinco dias da semana. Todos os alimentos foram pesados separadamente e analisados pelo software Virtual Nutri Plus 2.0R. A adequacao da ingestao de nutrientes foi calculada com base nas DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes). Resultados: De acordo com a avaliação do peso corporal realizada em dois momentos diferentes, as mulheres apresentaram ganho de peso e os homens, perda de peso corporal (Mulheres: 1, 98 } 1, 86 kg/ Homens: -0, 13 } 2, 09; (p = 0, 04). Os valores de fibra total, vitamina C, vitamina D, folato, acido pantotenico, vitamina E, iodo, calcio, magnesio e potassio não atingiram os valores recomendados pela DRI para homens e mulheres. Conclusao: A alimentacao oferecida aos usuários em tratamento do CAPSad nao atende a demanda calórica de acordo com o sexo alem de ser excessiva na oferta de sodio e deficiente em algumas vitaminas e minerais. As mulheres frequentadoras do CAPSad apresentaram ganho de peso e IMC com classificação de sobrepeso.
Adherence to healthy lifestyles in the Programa Academia da Saúde.
(2020) Mendonça, Raquel de Deus; Lopes, Mariana Souza; Carvalho, Maria Cecília Ramos de; Freitas, Patrícia Pinheiro de; Lopes, Aline Cristine Souza
This study aims to measure healthy lifestyles according to the time of participation in the Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS). We used baseline data from a randomized controlled community trial with a representative sample of PAS users from Belo Horizonte, Brazil (n = 3,414). The data on healthy lifestyles collected were: daily fruit and vegetables intake (≥5 servings); physical activity en- gagement (≥180min/week); body mass index (18.5kg/m2 ≥ BMI ≤ 24.9kg/m2), smoking and drink- ing habits. The time of participation in the PAS was calculated by the difference between the date of registration in the program and the date of the data collection. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between healthy lifestyles and time of participation in the PAS. Almost half of the participants (43.3%) had three healthy lifestyle factors. The prevalence of having all five factors varied according to the time of participation in the service; the lowest rates were in the first quartile (4.9%) and the highest rates in the fourth quartile (8.1%). Those who have attended the service for the longest time (fourth quartile) were more likely to have a healthy BMI (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.14- 1.80; p = 0.002) and to avoid smoking (OR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.06-4.49; p = 0.01), compared to those who have attended the program for less time (first quartile). The prevalence of healthy lifestyles in PAS users was low. However, a longer permanence in the program seems to favor positive changes on BMI and on smoking habits.
Adhesion molecules and chemokines : relation to anthropometric, body composition, biochemical and dietary variables.
(2014) Vieira, Renata Adrielle Lima; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de; Volp, Ana Carolina Pinheiro
Introduction: Among the inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, the cell adhesion molecules Pselectin, E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and the chemokine MCP-1 stand out. They play a crucial role in adherence of cells to endothelial surfaces, in the integrity of the vascular wall and can be modulated by body composition and dietary pattern. Objectives: To describe and discuss the relation of these cell adhesion molecules and chemokines to anthropometric, body composition, dietary and biochemical markers. Methods: Papers were located using scientific databases by topic searches with no restriction on year of publication. Results: All molecules were associated positively with anthropometric markers, but controversial results were found for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Not only obesity, but visceral fat is more strongly correlated with E-selectin and MCP-1 levels. Weight loss influences the reduction in the levels of these molecules, except VCAM-1. The distribution of macronutrients, excessive consumption of saturated and trans fat and a Western dietary pattern are associated with increased levels. The opposite could be observed with supplementation of w-3 fatty acid, healthy dietary pattern, high calcium diet and high dairy intake. Regarding the biochemical parameters, they have inverse relation to HDLC and positive relation to total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Conclusion: Normal anthropometric indicators, body composition, biochemical parameters and eating pattern positively modulate the subclinical inflammation that results from obesity by reducing the cell adhesion molecules and chemokines.
Adição de fontes de nitrogênio e de duas linhagens de levedura na fermentação alcoólica para produção de cachaça.
(2015) Pereira, Alexandre Fontes; Silva, Paulo Henrique Alves da; Pinheiro, Patrícia Fontes; Pinheiro, Carlos Alexandre; Braga, Leonel Martins
Neste trabalho foi avaliada a influência de duas linhagens de levedura (baixa fermentação (Saflager) e alta fermentação (Safbrew)) e três fontes de nitrogênio (sulfato de amônio, peptona de caseína e um pool de aminoácidos) nas concentrações 5 g.L-1 e 25 g.L-1, na composição do mosto durante a fermentação para produção da cachaça. As propriedades físico-químicas avaliadas foram: pH, acidez total, teor de sólidos solúveis e teor alcoólico, em amostras coletadas em 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas de fermentação. As amostras de cachaça produzidas foram analisadas por cromatografia a gás, sendo que os alcoóis superiores, propan-1-ol, álcool isobutílico e álcool isoamílico tiveram comportamentos diferentes para as linhagens de leveduras de baixa fermentação e alta fermentação. A maior produção de etanol por consumo de substrato foi obtido pela linhagem de levedura Saflager (baixa fermentação) na fonte de nitrogênio sulfato de amônio, na concentração de 5 g.L-1, nos mostos de cachaça.
Adiposidade corporal e risco para apnéia obstrutiva do sono em trabalhadores de turnos alternantes.
(Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição. Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto., 2013) Freitas, Lunara da Silva; Sales, Maria Lilian
A Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS) é definida como diminuição da passagem de ar pelas vias aéreas superiores durante o sono, causados por colapso das estruturas respiratórias, apesar da manutenção dos esforços respiratórios. Alguns dos fatores de risco são sexo masculino, idade avançada, obesidade, tabagismo e alcoolismo. Além dos fatores de risco, indicadores de adiposidade corporal podem predizer a AOS. O trabalho em turnos alternantes associado à AOS levam a fadiga e privação do sono, que resultam em ganho de peso, diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares, perda do rendimento físico e mental e acidentes de trabalho. O questionário de Berlim é um instrumentos de triagem que define o risco de desenvolver AOS avaliando sintomas e sinais associados à doença. Baseando-se na atual escassez de estudos que abordam a interação existente entre adiposidade corporal e AOS, investigou-se a relação entre o alto risco para AOS e adiposidade corporal em trabalhadores de turnos alternantes de uma mineradora. Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal com trabalhadores de turnos alternantes, adultos do sexo masculino no qual foram coletados em entrevista: dados sócio-demográficos, fatores comportamentais e sintomas relacionados à AOS; por autorrelato utilizando-se questionário de Berlim: sintomas e sinais da AOS; antropometria, composição corporal e pressão arterial sistêmica. A amostra foi composta por 471 trabalhadores com idade mediana de 35 anos, a maioria com ensino médio completo, em união estável e com menos de 10 anos de trabalho em turnos alternantes. O alto risco para apnéia obstrutiva prevaleceu em 9,77% da amostra, sendo essa prevalência baixa quando comparada a outros estudos. As medidas de adiposidade corporal indicaram excesso de gordura tanto na região abdominal quanto generalizado. A obesidade afetou 17,6% dos trabalhadores, prevalência elevada em relação população brasileira de homens adultos e dados de estudos com trabalhadores de turnos alternantes. Os indicadores de adiposidade corporal e a idade foram significativamente maiores para o grupo de alto risco para AOS, sendo portanto, capazes de auxiliar no seu diagnóstico. Nenhum dos fatores comportamentais apresentou relação com o alto risco.
Adoptive transfer of dendritic cells expressing CD11c reduces the immunological response associated with experimental colitis in BALB/c mice.
(2018) Paiatto, Lisiery Negrini; Silva, Fernanda Guimarães Drummond e; Yamada, Aureo Tatsumi; Tamashiro, Wirla Maria da Silva Cunha; Simioni, Patricia Ucelli
Introduction In addition to conventional therapies, several new strategies have been proposed for modulating autoimmune diseases, including the adoptive transfer of immunological cells. In this context, dendritic cells (DCs) appear to be one of the most promising treatments for autoimmune disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of adoptive transfer of DCs obtained from both naïve and ovalbumin (OVA)-tolerant mice on the severity of TNBS induced colitis and analyze the eventual protective mechanisms. Methods and results To induce oral tolerance, BALB/c mice were fed 4mg/mL OVA solution for seven consecutive days. Spleen DCs were isolated from tolerant (tDC) and naïve (nDC) mice, and then adoptively transferred to syngeneic mice. Three days later, colitis was induced in DC treated mice by intrarectal instillation of 100μg2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) dissolved in 50% ethanol. Control subjects received only intrarectal instillation of either TNBS solution or a vehicle. Five days later, mice from all groups were euthanized and examined for physiological and immunological parameters. Regarding the phenotype, we observed that the frequencies of CD11+ MHC II+ and CD11+ MHCII+ CD86+ cells were significantly lower in DCs isolated from tolerant mice than in those from naive mice. However, pretreatment with both types of DCs was able to significantly reduce clinical signs of colitis such as diarrhea, rectal prolapse, bleeding, and cachexia, although only treatment with tDCs was able to prevent weight loss from instillation of TNBS. In vitro proliferation of spleen cells from mice treated with either type of DCs was significantly lower than that observed in splenic cell cultures of naïve mice. Although no significant difference was observed in the frequencies of Treg cells in the experimental groups, the frequency of Th17+CD4+cellsand the secretion of IL-17 were more reduced in the cultures of spleen cells from mice treated with either type of DCs. The levels of IL-9 and IFN-γ were lower in supernatants of cells from mice treated with nDCs. Conclusion The results allow us to conclude that the adoptive transfer of cells expressing CD11c is able to reduce the clinical and immunological signs of drug-induced colitis. Adoptive transfer of CD11c+DC isolated from both naive and tolerant mice altered the proliferative and T cell responses. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previously published data showing the protective effects of DCs from naïve or tolerant mice in the treatment of colitis.
Age, skin color, self-rated health, and depression associated with co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors in university students : a cross-sectional study.
(2022) Barbosa, Bruna Carolina Rafael; Parajára, Magda do Carmo; Paula, Waléria de; Machado, Elaine Leandro; Meireles, Adriana Lúcia
BACKGROUND: The university context plays an important role in the health-disease process since students are potentially vulnerable to obesogenic behaviors that can influence long-term health. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with the co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors among university students. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study at a Brazilian public university. METHODS: This study was conducted with all university students in the first and second semesters of 2019 at Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected between April and September 2019, using a self-administered questionnaire. The outcome was the co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors, measured as the sum of three risk behaviors: inadequate eating practices, leisure-time physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior. A Venn diagram was used to evaluate the simultaneous occurrence of risk behaviors. Pearson’s chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of 351 students participated in the study. Inadequate eating practices constituted the most prevalent isolated risk behavior (80.6%), which was also the most prevalent when combined with sedentary behavior (23.6%). University students aged 20 years or younger, with non-white skin color, poor self-rated health, and symptoms of depression had increased chances of simultaneous occurrence of obesogenic behaviors. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of developing and implementing actions to reduce combined obesogenic behaviors in the university environment. Institutions should focus on creating an environment that promotes health-protective behaviors such as physical activity and healthy eating.

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