DENCS - Departamento de Nutrição Clínica e Social
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Item Contextual factors associated with sexual behavior among Brazilian adolescents.(2013) Campos, Maryane Oliveira; Giatti, Luana; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Barreto, Sandhi MariaPurpose: There are few studies about the influence of the context on sexual behavior among adolescents in developing countries, such as Brazil. Adolescent pregnancy and the high incidence of sexually transmitted disease (STDs) among Brazilian youngsters are a public health problem. The object of this study was to investigate whether factors from family and school contexts are associated with sexual behavior among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: This study used data from 60,973 adolescent participants in the National Survey of School Health. The response variable was sexual behavior, described in three categories (never had sexual intercourse, had protected sexual intercourse, had unprotected sexual intercourse). The explanatory variables were grouped into sociodemographic characteristics, number of risk behavior factors (regular use of alcohol, smoking, and experimenting with illicit drugs), and family and school context. Variables associated with having protected and unprotected sexual relations in each context were identified by means of multinomial logistic regression. The reference was “never had sexual intercourse.” Results: Approximately one fourth of adolescents have already had sexual intercourse, most frequently boys. Among the adolescents who declared sexual initiation, the most part had their first sexual relation with age of 13 years or younger. Almost 21% did not use protection the last time they had sex. The greater the number of risk factors involved, the higher the incidence of protected and unprotected sex. In the family context, living with only one or with neither parent and low parental supervision increased the frequency of protected and unprotected sex. Never eating meals with the parents augmented the incidence of unprotected sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.60). In the school context, students from private schools were less likely to have had protected and unprotected sex (OR, 0.58 and 0.68). Not receiving instructions at school about pregnancy prevention increased the frequency of protected and unprotected sex (OR, 1.33 and 1.74, respectively). Conclusions: Family and school context factors are associated with sexual behavior. These associations are generally stronger for unprotected sex. Information about the prevention of pregnancy and STDs/AIDS has to be disseminated very early owing to the young age of sexual initiation.Item Influence of individual and socio-environmental factors on self-rated health in adolescents.(2015) Meireles, Adriana Lúcia; Xavier, César Coelho; Proietti, Fernando Augusto; Caiaffa, Waleska TeixeiraObjetivos: Determinar se características individuais e socioambientais podem influenciar a autoavaliação de saúde dos adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Foram incluídos 1.042 adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos de idade, participantes do “Estudo Saúde em Beagá”, inquérito domiciliar realizado no município de Belo Horizonte em 2008-2009. Verificou-se a associação entre autoavaliação de saúde e as seguintes variáveis explicativas: fatores sociodemográficos, suporte social, estilos de vida, saúde psicológica e saúde física. Resultados: Com relação à autoavaliação da saúde, 11,5% consideraram sua saúde muito ruim/ruim/razoável e 88,5% boa/muito boa. Os domínios sociodemográfico, suporte social, estilos de vida, saúde psicológica e física foram associados com autoavaliação de saúde ruim (p ≤ 0,05). As variáveis associadas foram: idade 14 – 17 anos (OR = 1,71; IC95% 1,06 – 2,74), baixo nível socioeconômico (OR = 1,68; IC95% 1,05 – 2,69), poucas (OR = 2,53; IC95% 1,44 – 4,46) e muitas brigas na família (OR = 9,13; IC95% 4,53 – 18,39), não considerar os colegas legais e prestativos (OR = 2,21; IC95% 1,11 – 4,43), consumo de frutas < 5vezes/semana, (OR = 1,78; IC95% 1,07 – 2,95), ser inativo fisicamente (OR = 2,31; IC95% 1,15 – 4,69), excesso de peso (OR = 2,42; IC95% 1,54 – 3,79) e baixo nível de satisfação com a vida (OR = 2,31; IC95% 1,34 – 3,98). Conclusões: A autoavaliação de saúde ruim entre os adolescentes foi associada com características individuais e socioambientais relacionadas com questões da família, escola e vizinhança. Conhecer a autoavaliação da saúde de acordo com o referencial teórico de bem-estar infantil pode nos auxiliar ajudar na argumentação de que a autoavaliação de saúde pode ser um forte indicador de desigualdades sociais para essa população estudada.