ENUT - Escola de Nutrição

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Control of lactose crystallization in "Dulce de Leche" by Kluyveromyces lactis fermentation.
(1984) Sabioni, José Geraldo; Silva, Daison Olzany; Pinheiro, Adão José Rezende; Borges, Arnaldo Chaer; Chaves, José Benício Paes
Kluyveromyces lactis was an inoculums in milk to hydrolyze lactose. Five mixtures of lactose-hydrolyzed: normal milk were prepared (0:1, 1:2, 1:1.5, 1:1, and 1.5:1) for comparisons of lactose crystallization in "dulce de leche". "Dulce de leche" was produced, stored at room temperature, and tested by sensory evaluation for lactose crystallization and preference immediately and after 30, 60, 90, and 120 days storage. Statistical analysis of sensory evaluation showed no significant differences among treatments. There was no crystallization in any treatment after 120 days storage, except for the "dulce" produced with the standard (0:1, control) milk.
Control of lactose crystallization in "dulce de leche" by Beta-D-Galactosidase activity from permeabilized Kluyveromyces lactis cells.
(1984) Sabioni, José Geraldo; Pinheiro, Adão José Rezende; Silva, Daison Olzany; Chaves, José Benício Paes; Borges, Arnaldo Chaer
Feasibility of controlling lactose crystallization in "dulce de leche" by permeabilized Kluyveromyces lactis cells was studied. Optimum temperature for lactase activity was 45°C. Stability of the enzyme system remained practically unaltered during storage at room temperature or below for up to 7 mo. Degree of lactose hydrolysis in milk was determined as a function of the content of permeabilized cells. Addition of 400 or 800 rag/liter of permeabilized cells to milk used to make "dulce", followed by 2.5 or 3.5 h incubation at 35°C, resulted in hydrolysis of 45.02 and 69.13% of the lactose. There was no lactose crystallization after 120 days storage in products treated by permeabilized cells. The sensory qualities of the "dulces" were similar to those of the control.
Intoxicação alimentar por queijo Minas contaminado com Staphylococcus aureus.
(1988) Sabioni, José Geraldo; Hirooka, Elisa Yoko; Souza, Maria de Lourdes R. de
Relata-se surto de intoxicação alimentar ocorrido em julho de 1987, na cidade de Ouro Preto, MG (Brasil). O alimento causador foi um queijo Minas, contaminado por Staphylococcus aureus ao nível de 9,3 x 107 UFG/g. Detectaram-se cepas produtoras de enterotoxinas do tipo A,B,D e E. A amostra analisada revelou contaminação por coliformes fecais acima de 1,1 x 105/g(NMP), mas não continha Salmonella.Devido aos sintomas característicos e à elevada contaminação, concluiu-se que o Staphylococcus aureus foi o patogênico responsável pelo surto.
Métodos de determinação da fibra dietética.
(1989) Sabioni, José Geraldo
The available methods to determine dietetic fiber are very extensive in the literature. They are classified in three groups: raw fiber, detergent and enzimatic. The advantages and desavantages of such methods are discussed. The need to select an enzimatic method wich will be realiable, rapid and simple still exist. Also, methods that allow the fragmentation of the fiber into its main components are important when it is necessary to study their specific physiologic effects.
The effect of iron deficiency and iron overload on the evolution of chagas disease produced by three strains of trypanosoma cruzi in CFW mice.
(1990) Pedrosa, Maria Lúcia; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Silva, Marcio Eustáquio; Silva, Marcílio Eustáquio de Castro; Nicoli, Jacques Robert; Vieira, Enio Carlos
l. CFW mice were fed either on control diet or on iron-deficient diet. 2. After 5 months the mice were infected with CL, Y or YuYu strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. 3. On the fifth day after the infection, the mice on control diet were divided in three groups: one group remained as controls, two groups were injected either with desferrioxamine or iron-dextran. 4. The severity of the disease was evaluated by parasitemia and mortality. 5. The experimental groups were compared with the infected group fed on the control diet. 6. In mice fed on the iron-deficient diet, the disease was more severe for CL strain and less severe for Y and YuYu strains. 7. Treatment with desferrioxamine produced a less severe disease with YuYu strain and no difference with the other strains. 8. On treatment with iron-dextran, the disease became more severe with Y and CL strains; no effect was observed with YuYu strain. 9. These findings may be due to intraspecific differences among the strains.
Choline oxidase chemiluminéscent assay, after removal of eserine from medium, of acetylcholine released in vitro from brain slices.
(1990) Prado, Marco Antônio Maximo; Santos, T. Moraes; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de; Silva, Marco Aurélio Romano; Gomez, Marcus Vinicius
A chemiluminescent method has been used recently for the determination of acetylcholine with limitations such as the presence of a cholinesterase inhibitor in the incubation medium, which is indispensable for the study of acetylcholine release by various agents. A modified procedure is presented in which the cholinesterase inhibitor eserine (physostigmine) is extracted from the medium. The results showed complete recovery when labelled acetylcholine was used. This modified procedure was used to determine the release of acetylcholine evoked by tityustoxin and ouabain. The results were comparable to those obtained by bioassay using a strip of guinea pig ileum.
Effect of dietary chitin on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in rats.
(1992) Zacour, Albertina C.; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Cecon, Paulo Roberto; Bambirra, Eduardo Alves; Vieira, Enio Carlos
The effect of chitin at the level of 5% in the diet on cholesterol absorption and metabolism was studied in Wistar rats fed on diet containing beef tallow (7%) and cholesterol (1%). When compared with pair-fed controls, rats fed on diet containing chitin had: (1) similar weight gain and feed efficiency, (2) lower apparent protein digestibility, (3) equivalent liver steatosis, (4) reduced levels of liver triglycerides and cholesterol, (5) similar levels of serum and fecal cholesterol, (6) higher excretion of triglycerides in feces.
The effect of iron nutritional status on Trypanosoma cruzi infection in germfree and conventional mice.
(1993) Pedrosa, Maria Lúcia; Nicoli, Jacques Robert; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Silva, Marcio Eustáquio; Silva, Marcílio Eustáquio de Castro; Vieira, Leda Quercia; Bambirra, Eduardo Alves; Vieira, Enio Carlos
1. Conventional (CV) and gnotobiotic (GN) female CFW mice were infected with the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. 2. After infection, both CV and GN groups received injections of iron-dextran or desferrioxamine. Non-injected mice served as controls. 3. The parasitemia was more intense in iron-dextran-treated mice. 4. The iron levels in serum, liver, and spleen were: (a) not decreased by desferrioxamine and (b) increased by iron-dextran treatments. 5. An increase in leukocyte numbers was observed in all GN and CV groups after infection. 6. There was no difference in total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and iron saturation transferrin (IST) between GN and CV mice before infection. 7. In CV groups, after infection, TIBC was decreased whereas the levels of IST were increased; in GN the opposite occurred. 8. Trypanosome-specific IgG and IgM antibody levels were raised in the GN group but not in the CV group.
The effect of chronic ingestion of ethanol on modulation of granulomatous inflammation in experimental schistosomiasis in mice.
(1993) Castro, Lúcia Porto Fonseca de; Bambirra, Eduardo Alves; Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio
We studied the role of ethanol on the modulation of liver granulomata around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in mice. Albino mice, receiving 7% ethanol as the sole drinking liquid, at 60 and 90 days post-infection, presented smaller granulomata than controls did, when sacrificed at 120 days post-infection. No differences in diameters could observed, when ethanol was given 4 months before up to 120 days after infection. The results suggested that modulation of schistosomose granulomata by ethanol ingestion varies with time and duration of drug consumption.
Vitamin D overload and experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection : parasitological and histopathological aspects.
(1993) Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Silva, Marcílio Eustáquio de Castro; Nicoli, Jacques Robert; Bambirra, Eduardo Alves; Vieira, Enio Carlos
l. Six groups of 45-day-old, 23.0 & 1.7 g, female Balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 63, 252, 440, 630, 2520 or 6300 I.U. of vitamin D for 6 days. A seventh group was inoculated with saline. Each group consisted of 30 animals. 2. All animals inoculated with the doses of 2520 and 6300 and 70% of mice which received 630 I.U. of vitamin D died 21 days after the first administration of the vitamin. The LDm was 630 I.U. 3. The survivors were divided into two groups inoculated intraperitoneally with 5000 trypomastigotes of either Y or CL strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. 4. Based on the survival index on day 73 after infection, Vitamin D gave statistically significant protection (P < 0.01) for mice inoculated with doses of 63 or 430 I.U. of Y or CL strains, respectively. 5. On histopathological examination, inflammatory reaction and cellular and tissue parasitism were less intense in animals which received higher doses of vitamin D. 6. It is concluded that an overload of vitamin D had a protective effect against CL and Y strains of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Balb/c mice.
Cálculo das recomendações de ingestão protéica : aplicação a pré-escolar, escolar e adulto utilizando alimentos brasileiros.
(1994) Marchini, Júlio Sérgio; Rodrigues, Margareth M. P.; Cunha, Selma Freire de Carvalho da; Fausto, Maria Arlene; Vannucchi, Helio; Oliveira, José Eduardo Dutra de
As recomendações de ingestão protéica variam conforme o teor de proteína, da quantidade de aminoácidos essenciais oferecidas e da digestibilidade da dieta. Em geral as recomendações protéicas tomam por base um alimento considerado padrão como o ovo ou o leite. No entanto, a nível populacional, ingere-se misturas de alimentos em quantidades e qualidades diferentes, que variam de região para região. A título de ilustração foram calculadas as recomendações de ingestão protéica para uma mistura de alimentos habitualmente usados pela população brasileira e consumida por três grupos etários diferentes: o pré escolar, o escolar e o adulto. São apresentadas 10 combinações de alimentos, todas tendo como principal fonte protéica o arroz e/ou o feijão. Observa-se que a recomendação de ingestão protéica do pré escolar, pode variar entre 1, 15 a 1 ,77 g/kg por dia dependendo da mistura utilizada. Discute-se também a importância da quantidade de alimentos ingeridos e a presença de outros nutrientes. Sugere-se que ao se recomendar a ingestão protéica de uma determinada mistura de alimentos sejam considerados os seguintes fatores: teor total de nitrogênio, quantidade de aminoácidos essenciais, digestibilidade, peso total da mistura e a presença de outros nutrientes.
Bracken fern-induced bladder tumors in guinea pigs. A model for human neoplasia.
(1995) Bringuier, Pierre Paul; Piaton, Eric; Berger, Nicole; Debruyne, Frans; Perrin, Paul; Schalken, Jack; Devonect, Marian
Avaliação nutricional de pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise.
(1996) Fausto, Maria Arlene; Gomes, Jussara G.; Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Ribeiro Garrido; Ferraz, Agenor Spallini; Marchini, Júlio Sérgio; Marliére, Cláudia Aparecida
Effect of aubergine (Solanum melongena) on serum and hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides in rats.
(1999) Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Santos, Rinaldo Cardoso dos; O’Leary, Maureen C.; Santos, Ronald S.
The present work reports the effect of aubergine extract on serum and hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides levels in adult rats. Fisher rats were divided into three groups: the first one received a normolipidic diet and water , serving as a control; the other two received a hypercholesterolaemic diet with 30% vegetable oil and 1% cholesterol, one of these being given water while the other was given an aubergine extract. After 28 days the animals were sacrificed and serum and hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides levels were assessed. The obtained results indicated that under the experimental conditions employed, the aubergine extract increased serum and decreased hepatic cholesterol and had little or no effect on both serum and hepatic triglycerides.
Situação de trabalho dos nutricionistas em empresas de refeições coletivas de Minas Gerais : trabalho técnico, supervisão ou gerência?
(1999) Ansaloni, José Armando
Buscou-se analisar a situação de trabalho, a inserção no mercado e a posição de classe de nutricionistas em empresas de refeições coletivas instaladas em Minas Gerais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa utilizando entrevistas, aplicação de questionários e observação do trabalho dos profissionais. Verificaram-se situações ambíguas e conflituosas, dado o papel desempenhado nas relações de trabalho e os preceitos éticos divergentes dos valores das organizações. O artigo aborda a organização do trabalho e a natureza das atividades do nutricionista, ressaltando os conteúdos técnico, administrativo e gerencial, suas inter-relações e a sua preponderância nos cargos. Abordam-se, ainda, as condições de trabalho, o status e as relações de supervisão a que o nutricionista está sujeito. Conclui-se que o nutricionista assume inequívoco papel capitalista como supervisor e gerente, controlando outros empregados, também sendo objeto das políticas de controle da empresa. Simultaneamente assalariado e representante do capital, ele integra a chamada nova classe média.
Práticas de amamentação no município de Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
(2000) Passos, Maria Cristina; Lamounier, Joel Alves; Silva, Camilo Adalton Mariano da; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de; Baudson, Maria de Fátima Reis
Objetivo Conhecer a freqüência e a duração mediana das práticas de aleitamento materno em crianças de 0-24 meses no município de Ouro Preto, MG. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico tipo transversal em amostra estratificada de 229 crianças provenientes de 1.800 domicílios, visitados em 1996 e sorteados por conglomerado em três estágios. A freqüência e a duração mediana das práticas foram calculadas mediante tábua de vida. Resultados A duração mediana da amamentação foi de 198 dias, sendo de 71 dias para a amamentação exclusiva somada à predominante e 17 dias para a amamentação exclusiva. Conclusão Embora a maioria das mães amamente seus filhos ao nascer, a introdução de outros alimentos ainda é bastante prematura, fato que justifica a necessidade de intervenções para prevenir o desmame parcial e/ou total precoce.
Determinação do perfil dos usuários e da composição química e nutricional da alimentação oferecida no restaurante universitário da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brasil.
(2001) Fausto, Maria Arlene; Ansaloni, José Armando; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Garcia Júnior, Jair; Dehn, Akeber Abou; César, Thaís Borges
Este estudo teve como objetivos determinar o perfil e o estado nutricional da clientela e a composição química e nutricional das refeições oferecidas no restaurante universitário da Universidade Estadual Paulista de Araraquara, Brasil. Realizou-se a determinação química do teor de proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos, fibra, cinzas e umidade de amostras das refeições fornecidas. A amostra populacional foi constituída de 403 usuários (212 mulheres e 191 homens). Em relação ao perfil do usuário, constatou-se que 82,60% encontravam-se na faixa etária de 18 a 25 anos e 75,44% dos indivíduos apresentaram índice de massa corporal dentro da faixa de normalidade. Em média, as refeições continham 4,74% de proteínas, 10,84% de lipídeos, 24,32% de carboidratos, 3,30% de fibras, 1,00% de cinzas e 55,00% de umidade. Os dados mostraram que as refeições do restaurante universitário continham excesso de proteínas e de energia e que se faz necessário realizar ajustes na sua composição para adequá-la ao perfil da clientela atendida.
Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)-Induced DNA adducts in mouse tissues are different from the adduct induced by the activated form of the bracken carcinogen ptaquiloside.
(2001) Freitas, Renata Nascimento de; O'Connor, P. J.; Prakash, A. S.; Shahin, M.; Povey, A. C.
Following treatment with bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) extract and bracken spores a number of DNA adducts were detected by 32P-postlabeling. Three of these adducts have been described previously (Povey et al., Br. J. Cancer (1996) 74, 1342–1348) and in this study, using a slightly different protocol, four new adducts, with higher chromatographic mobility, were detected at levels ranging from 50 to 230% of those previously described. When DNA was treated in vitro with activated ptaquiloside (APT) and analysed by butanol extraction or nuclease P1 treatment, only one adduct was detected by 32P-postlabeling. This adduct was not present in the DNA from mice treated with bracken fern or spores, suggesting either that bracken contains genotoxins other than ptaquiloside or that the metabolism of ptaquiloside produces genotoxins not reflected by activated ptaquiloside. However, as the ATP-derived adduct has been detected previously in ileal DNA of bracken-fed calves, species-specific differences in the metabolism of bracken genotoxins may exist, thereby leading to differences in their biological outcomes.
Bracken fern-induced malignant tumors in rats : absence of mutations in p53, H-ras and K-ras and no microsatellite instability.
(2002) Freitas, Renata Nascimento de; Brasileiro Filho, Geraldo; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Pena, Sérgio Danilo Junho
Bracken fern (genus Pteridium) has been shown to induce tumors in domestic and experimental animals. Epidemiological studies have also shown an association between human exposure to bracken toxins and increased risk for the development of upper gastrointestinal tract tumors. Our aim in this study was to investigate possible genomic alterations in bracken fern-induced tumors of experimental animals searching for molecular markers that might be used for human epidemiological studies. Using human colorectal carcinogenesis as a molecular model, we examined eight malignant bracken fern-induced tumors of rats for mutations in the genes associated with the “classic pathway” of colorectal cancer, i.e. p53 and ras, and also in the “mutator pathway” by evaluating microsatellite instability. Exons 5–9 of the p53 gene and exons 1 and 2 of the K-ras and H-ras genes were examined by DNA sequencing and no mutations were found in any of the eight tumors. Amplification of five previously validated microsatellite loci (one with mono-, three with di- and one with tetra-nucleotide repeat motifs) in the malignant tumors and in the surrounding normal tissue did not reveal any instability. The involvement of epigenetic alterations or of mutations in other tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes should be further investigated in the search for human epidemiological markers.
Associações entre iodo no sal e iodúria em escolares, Ouro Preto, MG.
(2002) Nimer, Margarete; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Oliveira, José Eduardo Dutra de
Objetivo: Avaliar os parâmetros de iodo no sal e na urina em populações de escolares de instituições de ensino fundamental caracterizadas por atender alunos de níveis socioeconômicos opostos. Métodos: Foram recolhidas amostras de urina de escolares de duas escolas, uma particular e a outra pública, do município de Ouro Preto, MG, bem como amostras de sal de consumo humano utilizado em suas residências. Dosou-se o teor de iodo nas amostras de urina e de sal a fim de estabelecer uma correlação entre a concentração de iodo na urina e no sal. Foi utilizado o teste de Mantel-Haenszel para medir a associação entre o sal e a urina. Resultados: Os níveis de concentração de iodo na urina foram considerados normais em 92,2% dos alunos da escola particular e em 42,6% dos alunos da escola municipal. Na dosagem do teor de iodo no sal de consumo humano ingerido pelos alunos da escola pública, 89,9% das amostras apresentaram níveis abaixo da exigência legal. No caso dos alunos da escola particular, esse valor foi de 40,9%. Conclusões: Verificou-se a ocorrência de associação inversa, estatisticamente significante, entre as concentrações de iodo no sal e na urina. Identificaram-se teores de iodo abaixo da exigência legal no sal consumido pelos escolares e um nível significativo de deficiência de iodo na urina. Tais ocorrências afetaram mais drasticamente, de forma estatisticamente significante, os alunos da escola pública.

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