Navegando por Autor "Zanin, Francisca Helena Calheiros"

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    Determinants of iron deficiency anemia in a cohort of children aged 6-71 months living in the northeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
    (2015) Zanin, Francisca Helena Calheiros; Silva, Camilo Adalton Mariano da; Bonomo, Élido; Teixeira, Romero Alves; Pereira, Cíntia Aparecida de Jesus; Santos, Karina Benatti dos; Fausto, Maria Arlene; Correa, Deborah Aparecida Negrão; Lamounier, Joel Alves; Carneiro, Mariângela
    Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide. The aim was to identify the prevalence and incidence of anemia in children and to identify predictors of this condition, including intestinal parasites, social, nutritional and environmental factors, and comorbidities. A population-based cohort study was conducted in a sample of 414 children aged 6–71 months living in Novo Cruzeiro in the Minas Gerais State. Data were collected in 2008 and 2009 by interview and included socio-economic and demographic information about the children and their families. Blood samples were collected for testing of hemoglobin, ferritin and C-reactive protein. Anthropometric measurements and parasitological analyses of fecal samples were performed. To identify risk factors associated with anemia multivariate analyses were performed using the generalized estimating equations (GEE). In 2008 and 2009, respectively, the prevalence rates of anemia were 35.9% (95%CI 31.2–40.8) and 9.8% (95%CI 7.2–12.9), the prevalence rates of iron deficiency were 18.4% (95%CI 14.7–22.6) and 21.8%(95%CI 17.8–26.2), and the incidence rates of anemia and iron deficiency were 3.2% and 21.8%. The following risk factors associated with anemia were: iron deficiency (OR = 3.2; 95%CI 2.0-.5.3), parasitic infections (OR = 1.9; 95%CI 1.2– 2.8), being of risk of or being a low length/height-for-age (OR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.4–3.2), and lower retinol intake (OR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.1–2.7), adjusted over time. Nutritional factors, parasitic infections and chronic malnutrition were identified as risk factors for anemia. These factors can be verified in a chronic process and have been classically described as risk factors for these conditions.
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    Evaluation of immune responses and protection induced by A2 and nucleoside hydrolase (NH) DNA vaccines against Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis experimental infections.
    (2007) Zanin, Francisca Helena Calheiros; Coelho, Eduardo Antônio Ferraz; Tavares, Carlos Alberto Pereira; Silva, Eduardo de Almeida Marques da; Costa, Miriam Maria Silva; Rezende, Simone Aparecida; Gazzinelli, Ricardo Tostes; Fernandes, Ana Paula Salles Moura
    Several antigens have been tested as vaccine candidates against Leishmania infections but controversial results have been reported when different antigens are co-administered in combined vaccination protocols. Immunization with A2 or nucleoside hydrolase (NH) antigens was previously shown to induce Th1 immune responses and protection in BALB/c mice against Leishmania donovani and L. amazonensis (A2) or L. donovani and L. mexicana (NH) infections. In this work, we investigated the protective efficacy of A2 and NH DNA vaccines, in BALB/c mice, against L. amazonensis or L. chagasi challenge infection. Immunization with either A2 (A2-pCDNA3) or NH (NH-VR1012) DNA induced an elevated IFN-g production before infection; however, only A2 DNA immunized mice were protected against both Leishmania species and displayed a sustained IFN-g production and very low IL-4 and IL-10 levels, after challenge. Mice immunized with NH/A2 DNA produced higher levels of IFN-g in response to both specific recombinant proteins (rNH or rA2), but displayed higher IL-4 and IL-10 levels and increased edema and parasite loads after L. amazonensis infection, as compared to A2 DNA immunized animals. These data extend the characterization of the immune responses induced by NH and A2 antigens as potential candidates to compose a defined vaccine and indicate that a highly polarized type 1 immune response is required for improvement of protective levels of combined vaccines against both L. amazonensis and L. chagasi infections.