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Item Does exposure to inflammatory particles modify the pattern of anion in exhaled breath condensate?(2020) Sauvain, Jean-Jacques; Edmé, Jean Louis; Wild, Pascal; Suárez, Gina Wirz; Bezerra, Olívia Maria de Paula Alves; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa da; Algranti, Eduardo; Carneiro, Ana Paula Scalia; Chérot-Kornobis, Nathalie; Sobaszek, Annie; Hulo, SébastienExposure to environmental and occupational particulate matter(PM)induces health effects on the cardio-pulmonary system. In addition, associations between exposure to PM and metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus or obesity are now emerging in the literature. Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is an appealing non-invasive technique to sample pulmonary fluids. This hypothesis-generating study aims to (1) validate an ion chromatography method allowing the robust determination of different metabolism-related molecules(lactate, formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, pyruvate, nitrite, nitrate)in EBC; (2) apply this method to EBC samples collected from workers exposed to quartz (a known inflammatory particle), to soapstone (a less inflammatory particle than quartz), as well as to controls. A multi-compound standard solution was used to determine the linearity range, detection limit, repeatability and bias from spiked EBC. The biological samples were injected without further treatment into an ion chromatograph with a conductivity detector. RTube® were used for field collection of EBC from 11 controls, 55 workers exposed to soapstone and 12 volunteers exposed to quartz dust. The analytical method used proved to be adequate for quantifying eight anions in EBC samples. Its sub-micromolar detection limits and repeatability, combined with a very simple sample preparation, allowed an easy and fast quantification of different glycolysis or nitrosative stress metabolites. Using multivariate discriminant analysis to maximize differences between groups, we observed a different pattern of anions with a higher formate/acetate ratio in the EBC samples for quartz exposed workers compared to the two other groups. We hypothesize that a modification of the metabolic signature could be induced by exposure to inflammatory particles like quartz and might be observed in the EBC via a change in the formate/acetate ratio.Item Does exposure to inflammatory particles modify the pattern of anion in exhaled breath condensate?(2020) Sauvain, Jean-Jacques; Edmé, Jean Louis; Wild, Pascal; Suárez, Gina Wirz; Bezerra, Olívia Maria de Paula Alves; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa da; Algranti, Eduardo; Carneiro, Ana Paula Scalia; Chérot-Kornobis, Nathalie; Sobaszek, Annie; Hulo, SébastienExposure to environmental and occupational particulate matter(PM)induces health effects on the cardio-pulmonary system. In addition, associations between exposure to PM and metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus or obesity are now emerging in the literature. Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is an appealing non-invasive technique to sample pulmonary fluids. This hypothesis-generating study aims to (1) validate an ion chromatography method allowing the robust determination of different metabolism-related molecules(lactate, formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, pyruvate, nitrite, nitrate)in EBC; (2) apply this method to EBC samples collected from workers exposed to quartz (a known inflammatory particle), to soapstone (a less inflammatory particle than quartz), as well as to controls. A multi-compound standard solution was used to determine the linearity range, detection limit, repeatability and bias from spiked EBC. The biological samples were injected without further treatment into an ion chromatograph with a conductivity detector. RTube® were used for field collection of EBC from 11 controls, 55 workers exposed to soapstone and 12 volunteers exposed to quartz dust. The analytical method used proved to be adequate for quantifying eight anions in EBC samples. Its sub-micromolar detection limits and repeatability, combined with a very simple sample preparation, allowed an easy and fast quantification of different glycolysis or nitrosative stress metabolites. Using multivariate discriminant analysis to maximize differences between groups, we observed a different pattern of anions with a higher formate/acetate ratio in the EBC samples for quartz exposed workers compared to the two other groups. We hypothesize that a modification of the metabolic signature could be induced by exposure to inflammatory particles like quartz and might be observed in the EBC via a change in the formate/acetate ratio.Item Method validation of nanoparticle tracking analysis to measure pulmonary nanoparticle content : the size distribution in exhaled breath condensate depends on occupational exposure.(2017) Sauvain, Jean-Jacques; Suárez, Gina Wirz; Edmé, Jean Louis; Bezerra, Olívia Maria de Paula Alves; Silveira, Keller Guimarães; Amaral, Lênio S.; Carneiro, Ana Paula Scalia; Chérot-Kornobis, Nathalie; Sobaszek, Annie; Hulo, SébastienAparticle exposure assessment based on the dose deposited in the lungs would be the gold standard for the evaluation of any resulting health effects. Measuring particles in exhaled breath condensate (EBC)—a matrix containing water and airway lining fluid—could help to evaluate particle retention in the lungs. This study aimed to (1) validate a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) method for determining the particle number concentration and their hydrodynamic size distribution in EBC, and (2) apply this method to EBC collected from workers exposed to soapstone (n=55) or quartz dust (n=12) and controls (n=11). A standard latex bead solution was used to determine the linear range, limit of detection (LOD), repeatability (coefficient of variation,CV), and bias in spiked EBC. An LM10 NanoSight instrument withNTAversion 3.1 software was used for measurement. RTubes® were used for field collection of EBC. The repeatability obtained for aD50 size distribution in EBC showed less than8%variability, with a bias<7%. The particle concentration was linear in the range 2.5×108 particles ml−1 with aLODof 4×106 particles ml−1. A recovery of 117±20% at 6.2×107 particles ml−1 was obtained with aCV<10% and a bias<20%. EBC from workers exposed to quartz, who experienced the largest exposure to silica particles, consistently exhibited a statistically significant (p<0.01) higher concentration of particles in their EBC, with a size distribution shift towards larger values than the other groups. Results showed that theNTAtechnique performed well for characterizing the size distribution and concentrations of particles in EBC. The technique needs to be corroborated with a larger population of workers.Item Silica exposure and disease in semi-precious stone craftsmen, Minas Gerais, Brazil.(2017) Carneiro, Ana Paula Scalia; Braz, Nayara Felicidade Tomaz; Algranti, Eduardo; Bezerra, Olívia Maria de Paula Alves; Araújo, Natália Pereira da Silva; Amaral, Lênio S.; Edmé, Jean Louis; Sobaszek, Annie; Chérot-Kornobis, NathalieBackground Brazil is an exporter of precious stones and craftsmen often work in poor conditions. We assessed silica-related diseases among crystal craftsmen and the complexity of its control. Methods Case-series including 118 subjects evaluated from 2006 to 2015, based on medical interviews, chest X-rays, spirometry, and respirable silica samples. Results Median age and length of exposure were 32 and 13 years, respectively. Silicosis, with 1/0 as a threshold, was diagnosed radiologically in 57 individuals (48.3%). Respirable silica concentrations were 0.9–29.3 times greater than the Brazilian occupational exposure limit. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve with the same diagnosis threshold showed best discrimination at a cut point of 12.5 years of exposure, corresponding to 4.85 mg-y/m3 of cumulative silica exposure. There was a significant decline in FEV1 across radiological and cumulative silica exposure categories. Eleven individuals (9.3%) had mycobacterial diseases at baseline or follow-up. Conclusion Crystal craftsmen continue to suffer from silicosis, lung function impairment, comorbidity, and death due to silicosis. To date collective protection in some work sheds has not diminished silica levels. Long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate further improvements in preventive measures.