Navegando por Autor "Freitas, Bernardo Tavares"
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Item Assessing chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic correlation of Ediacaran phosphorites - Bocaina, Khesen and Doushantuo Formations : diachronic, local signals of the Neoproterozoic phosphogenic-taphonomic event.(2024) Hippertt, João Pedro Torrezani Martins; Rudnitzki, Isaac Daniel; Morais, Luana; Freitas, Bernardo Tavares; Romero, Guilherme Raffaeli; Babinski, Marly; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça; Leme, Juliana de Moraes; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias; Nogueira, Leonardo Brandão; Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira daThe Neoproterozoic phosphogenic event records biotic and biogeochemical changes that seem to indicate intrinsic relationships between phosphogenesis and phosphatic fossil preservation. However, chemo-litho and biostratigraphic correlations conducted on fossiliferous, phosphatic successions of the Doushantuo Formation, South China, evidence a highly heterogeneous record, featuring diachronic depositional ages, variable taxonomic diversity and inconsistent, “noisy” δ13C records. Similar detailed chemo-litho and biostratigraphic correlations targeted in high-grade phosphorite strata have not been performed along Ediacaran units elsewhere. Considering the significance and scarcity of Ediacaran high-grade phosphorite strata, establishing a comprehensive correlation framework within and between those units is fundamental to understanding Ediacaran biogeochemical and biotic evolution. This work aims to integrate new δ13C isotope stratigraphy, and existing Doushantuo-Pertatataka acritarch assemblages and geochronological records from Bocaina (Brazil), Khesen (Mongolia) and Doushantuo (China) Formations. Phosphaterich strata in those units feature inconsistent δ13C signatures characterized by negative values showing large bed-to-bed variations, possibly reflecting local modification of original marine signals by phosphogenesis, suggesting caution against the use in global/regional chemostratigraphic correlation. The record of phosphatized acritarch assemblages shows contrastive taxonomic diversities, and a small number of common taxa including Megasphaera. Whereas the presence of biozonal Doushantuo Formation taxa on Khsesen Fm, resonates with growing views of strong environmental resilience and large temporal ranges of acanthomorph acritarchs throughout the Ediacaran-early Cambrian, the scarcity of similar taxa in the Bocaina Fm may question the reliability of Doushantuo Fm acritarch biozones in other paleogeo-graphic or paleoenvironmental scenarios. Alternatively, the low taxonomic diversity recorded in Bocaina and Khesen Fms may also reflect the effects of the late Ediacaran decline in acritarch diversity. Further, combined evidence of selective paleoenvironmental phosphatization, local geochemical signals, narrow time spans and heterogeneous taxonomic diversity found in phosphatized DPK acanthomorph assemblages indicate the local nature of Ediacaran phosphatic fossil preservation events. Finally, evidence for diachronic preservation between high-grade phosphatic strata and phosphatized microfossils show non-causal relationships between Ediacaran phosphogenesis and phosphatic fossil preservation, highlighting the punctuated, intrinsic local nature of those events.Item High-resolution taphonomy of the Lower Cretaceous “Amargosa Biota”, Central Tucano Sub-Basin, Bahia, Brazil : implications for the paleoenvironmental dynamics of a new Konservat-Lagerstätte.(2022) Souza, T. G. L.; Silva, Suzana Aparecida Matos da; Varejão, Filipe Giovanini; Rodrigues, Mariza Gomes; Ribeiro, Alexandre Cunha; Freitas, Bernardo Tavares; Warren, Lucas Veríssimo; Assine, Mario Luis; Simões, Marcello GuimarãesWe report the Amargosa Biota from the middle part of the Lower Cretaceous Marizal Formation (Central Tucano Sub-Basin, NE Brazil), as a new Konservat-Lagerstatte ̈ . Exceptionally preserved fossils are confined to the lower part of an up to 15-m-thick, mud-dominated succession, named Amargosa Bed. Seven bedding planes (L0-L6) with distinct sedimentological and taphonomic attributes were identified in the type section (Amargosa Village, Euclides da Cunha County, Bahia State), distributed in an ~1-m-thick succession of well-laminated claystone, mudstone, siltstone, and very fine-grained sandstone. These contain ostracods, spinicaudatan carapaces, palae- monid shrimps, fish, and comminuted plant remains. Fossils occur in high concentration on at least four bedding planes (i.e., L2, L3, L5, and L6), forming polytypical assemblages that are dominated by one of the fossil groups. Assemblages are formed mainly by autochthonous to parautochthonous elements, representing variable, but limited, temporal mixing. A key attribute of some fossil-rich strata (L3, L5, and L6) is the preservation of poorly biomineralized organisms and/or of complete soft-bodied parts, which are typically prone to destruction due to rapid decay or bioturbation. The polytypical nature of these fossil assemblages, interbedded with non- fossiliferous intervals, suggests mass mortality events, probably caused by abrupt changes in water parameters (anoxia, salinity, pH, among others). The dark greenish gray color (yellowish when weathered), and the finely laminated nature of the claystone, siltstone, and mudstone containing members of the Amargosa Biota indicates that the benthic infaunal life was absent or, at least, very scarce in a locally, relatively deep, oxygen-poor lake bottom. Anoxia and high salinity, linked with local semi-arid conditions during the Lower Cretaceous may have played key roles in the exceptional preservation of some fossils (shrimps, fish). Finally, our data provide a more comprehensive understanding of the temporal distribution of taxa and taphonomic processes associated with the complex genesis of the fossil-bearing interval of the Amargosa Bed in its type locality.Item Insights into vase-shaped microfossil diversity and Neoproterozoic biostratigraphy in light of recent Brazilian discoveries.(2019) Soares, Luana Pereira Costa de Morais; Lahr, Daniel José Galafasse; Rudnitzki, Isaac Daniel; Freitas, Bernardo Tavares; Romero, Guilherme Raffaeli; Porter, Susannah M.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Fairchild, Thomas RichVase-shaped microfossils (VSMs) occur in dolostone clasts within conglomerates, breccias, and diamictites of the Neoproterozoic Urucum Formation, Jacadigo Group, southwest Brazil. Although their taphonomic history is distinct from those of other VSM assemblages, morphometric comparison of Urucum fossils with five others described previously from North America and Europe show that two of the Urucum species—the long-necked Limeta lageniformis Morais, Fairchild, and Lahr in Morais et al., 2017 and the funnel-necked Palaeoamphora urucumense Morais et al., 2017—occur in the Kwagunt and Callison Lake assemblages, as does Pakupaku kabin Riedman, Porter, and Calver, 2017 recently described from the Togari Group, Tasmania. Obelix rootsii (Cohen, Irvine, and Strauss, 2017) new combination, previously known only from the Callison Lake Formation, is documented here from the Kwagunt Formation. In addition, Trigonocyrillium horodyskii (Bloeser, 1985) and Bonniea dacruchares Porter, Meisterfeld, and Knoll, 2003, first described from the Kwagunt assemblage, have now been found in the Urucum Formation. In light of this survey, 16 of the 18 validly described VSM species are now known to occur in the Kwagunt Formation and 13 in the Callison Lake Formation, with 12 of them shared by both formations. The fact that the Urucum VSM assemblage exhibits six of seven species in common with the Kwagunt Formation—L. lageniformis, P. urucumense, Cycliocyrillium simplex Porter, Meisterfeld, and Knoll, 2003, C. torquata Porter, Meisterfeld, and Knoll, 2003, B. dacruchares Porter, Meisterfeld, and Knoll, 2003, and T. horodyskii (Bloeser, 1985)—and all but the last of these in common with the Callison Lake Formation supports correlation of these three assemblages and indicates that the source of the fossiliferous clasts within the Urucum Formation may well have been a now-vanished late Tonian carbonate platform.Item Large barchanoid dunes in the Amazon River and the rock record : implications for interpreting large river systems.(2016) Almeida, Renato Paes de; Galeazzi, Cristiano Padalino; Freitas, Bernardo Tavares; Janikian, Liliane; Ianniruberto, Marco; Marconato, AndréThe interpretation of large river deposits from the rock record is hampered by the scarcity of direct observations of active large river systems. That is particularly true for deep-channel environments, where tens of meters deep flows dominate. These conditions are extremely different from what is found in smaller systems, from which current facies models were derived. MBES and shallow seismic surveys in a selected area of the Upper Amazonas River in Northern Brazil revealed the presence of large compound barchanoid dunes along the channel thalweg. The dunes are characterized by V-shaped, concave-downstream crest lines and convex-up longitudinal profiles, hundreds of meters wide, up to 300 m in wavelength and several meters high. Based on the morphology of compound dunes, expected preserved sedimentary structures are broad, large-scale, low-angle, concave up and downstream cross-strata, passing laterally and downstream to inclined cosets. Examples of such structures from large river deposits in the rock record are described in the Silurian Serra Grande Group and the Cretaceous São Sebastião and Marizal formations in Northeastern Brazil, as well as in Triassic Hawkesburry Sandstone in Southeastern Australia and the Plio–Pleistocene Içá Formation in the western Amazon. All these sedimentary structures are found near channel base surfaces and are somewhat coarser than the overlying fluvial deposits, favoring the interpretation of thalweg depositional settings. The recognition of large barchanoid dunes as bedforms restricted to river thalwegs and probably to large river systems brings the possibility of establishing new criteria for the interpretation of fluvial system scale in the rock record. Sedimentary structures compatible with the morphological characteristics of these bedforms seem to be relatively common in large river deposits, given their initial recognition in five different fluvial successions in Brazil and Australia, potentially enabling substantial improvements in facies models for large rivers.Item Sedimentary evolution and sequence stratigraphy of Ediacaran high-grade phosphorite-dolomite-shale successions of the Bocaina Formation (Corumba Group), Central Brazil : implications for the Neoproterozoic phosphogenic event.(2023) Hippertt, João Pedro Torrezani Martins; Rudnitzki, Isaac Daniel; Morais, Luana; Freitas, Bernardo Tavares; Romero, Guilherme Raffaeli; Fernandes, Henrique Albuquerque; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça; Leme, Juliana de Moraes; Boggiani, Paulo César; Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira daExtensive phosphorite deposition is observed in the Neoproterozoic after a prolonged hiatus during most of the Mesoproterozoic era. This event is thought to represent an important record of major palaeoenvironmental, palaeoceanographic and biotic changes that shaped Neoproterozoic ecosystems, suggesting close relationships between phosphogenesis and the preservation of key Ediacaran biotas. However, high-grade Ediacaran phosphorite deposits are relatively uncommon, diminishing the opportunity to test current phosphate mineralization–deposition models and their implications for Neoproterozoic research. In this scenario, widespread Ediacaran phosphorite–dolomite–shale successions of the Bocaina Formation (Corumba Group–Central Brazil) are poorly explored in international literature. Nevertheless, recent advances in phosphate exploration gave access to continuous drill core sections and freshly opened mine pits, revealing an unprecedented record of complex phosphatic successions featuring the occurrence of Ediacaran micro-fossils assigned to the Doushantuo–Pertatataka assemblages. This work seeks to constrain main lithofacies, sequence stratigraphy and depositional settings from these phosphatic successions in order to analyse the sedimentary evolution of the unit under the current Neoproterozoic phosphorite research frame-work. These results indicate that the Bocaina Formation records secular sustained phosphate deposition. These deposits are related to unprecedented, microbialite reef rim phosphorites deposited during a lower accretionary rimmed platform stage, followed by the deposition of Doushantuo-like, whole platform phosphorites associated with a later, drowned platform stage, there-fore, reinforcing the evidence for the operation of strong allogeneic controls on phosphate mineralization–concentration. In addition, this study concludes that fossiliferous Ediacaran phosphatic deposits such as the Bocaina Formation are important to understanding Neoproterozoic phosphogenic events, because they may record the transition from a Precambrian to Phanerozoic-like phosphogenesis associated with the instauration of the Ediacaran–Cambrian phosphatic taphonomic window. This evidence hints that the growing dataset from the Bocaina Formation may bring new, exciting perspectives for Neopro-terozoic research as a whole.Item The ancestors of meandering rivers.(2016) Almeida, Renato Paes de; Marconato, André; Freitas, Bernardo Tavares; Turra, Bruno BoitoModern alluvial plains, in contrast to their pre-Silurian counterparts, are characterized by the presence of meandering rivers in low-downstream-gradient areas, constituting efficient transport systems that maintain high bottom shear stresses in deep channels, which are made possible by bank stabilization, most commonly provided by vegetation in Earth’s recent history. Here we show, through numerical modeling and field-based description of large-scale exposures in Mesoproterozoic successions, that prevegetation rivers in low-downstream-gradient areas were markedly different from both younger meandering rivers and the common prevegetation sheet-braided rivers, showing deeper braided channels and greater floodplain preservation than the latter. These systems were less frequent and had lower transport efficiency than modern meandering rivers, implying differences in global-scale Earth-surface dynamics, from the weathering of silicate minerals in floodplains to the grain size distribution in all clastic depositional systems.