Navegando por Autor "Fortes, Mirtes Garcia Pereira"
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Item Immobility reactions under threat : a contribution to human defensive cascade and PTSD.(2017) Volchan, Eliane; Rego, Vanessa da Rocha; Campos, Aline Furtado Bastos; Oliveira, José Magalhães de; Franklin, Camila Martins; Gleiser, Sonia; Berger, William; Souza, Gabriela Guerra Leal de; Oliveira, Letícia de; David, Isabel de Paula Antunes; Erthal, Fátima Cristina Smith; Fortes, Mirtes Garcia Pereira; Figueira, Ivan Luiz de VasconcellosViolence exacts a burden on public health. Gun violence is a major trigger for motor defensive reactions in humans and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is its main psychiatric sequela. However, studies of the human defensive cascade, especially the motor reactions, are at an early stage. This review focuses on studies that employ stabilometry, a methodology that assesses whole body motor reactions, to address defensive behaviors to violence-related threats. Special attention is given to three reactions: “attentive immobility”, “immobility under attack” and “tonic immobility”, with emphasis on the latter – a peritraumatic reaction which has been strongly associated with the severity of PTSD. These reactions are characterized by reduced body sway and bradycardia, except tonic immobility that presents robust tachycardia. The advances made by investigations into the immobility reactions of the human defensive cascade contribute to helping to bridge the gap between human and non-human species. Furthermore, progresses in basic research to objectively monitor motor defensive reactions under threat can help to develop a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to PTSD.Item The perception of aversiveness of surgical procedure pictures is modulated by personal/occupational relevance.(2016) Paes, Juliana Ribeiro; Oliveira, Letícia de; Fortes, Mirtes Garcia Pereira; Souza, Gabriela Guerra Leal de; Sobral, Ana Paula Barbosa; Pinheiro, Walter Machado; Freire, Izabela MocaiberIt is well established that emotions are organized around two motivational systems: the defensive and the appetitive. Individual differences are relevant factors in emotional reactions, making them more flexible and less stereotyped. There is evidence that health professionals have lower emotional reactivity when viewing scenes of situations involving pain. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the rating of pictures of surgical procedure depends on their personal/occupational relevance. Fifty-two female Nursing (health discipline) and forty-eight Social Work (social science discipline) students participated in the experiment, which consisted of the presentation of 105 images of different categories (e.g., neutral, food), including 25 images of surgical procedure. Volunteers judged each picture according to its valence (pleasantness) and arousal using the Self-Assessment Manikin scale (dimensional approach). Additionally, the participants chose the word that best described what they felt while viewing each image (discrete emotion perspective). The average valence score for surgical procedure pictures for the Nursing group (M = 4.57; SD = 1.02) was higher than the score for the Social Work group (M = 3.31; SD = 1.05), indicating that Nursing students classified those images as less unpleasant than the Social Work students did. Additionally, the majority of Nursing students (65.4%) chose “neutral” as the word that best described what they felt while viewing the pictures. In the Social Work group, disgust (54.2%) was the emotion that was most frequently chosen. The evaluation of emotional stimuli differed according to the groups' personal/occupational relevance: Nursing students judged pictures of surgical procedure as less unpleasant than the Social Work students did, possibly reflecting an emotional regulation skill or some type of habituation that is critically relevant to their future professional work.Item Visuo-motor affective interplay : bonding scenes promote implicit motor pre-dispositions associated with social grooming – a pilot study.(2022) Grichtchouk, Olga; Oliveira, José Magalhães de; Campagnoli, Rafaela Ramos; Franklin, Camila Martins; Correa, Monica Ferreira; Fortes, Mirtes Garcia Pereira; Vargas, Claudia Domingues; David, Isabel de Paula Antunes; Souza, Gabriela Guerra Leal de; Gleiser, Sonia; Keil, Andreas; Rego, Vanessa da Rocha; Volchan, ElianeProximity and interpersonal contact are prominent components of social connection. Giving affective touch to others is fundamental for human bonding. This brief report presents preliminary results from a pilot study. It explores if exposure to bonding scenes impacts the activity of specific muscles related to physical interaction. Fingers flexion is a very important component when performing most actions of affectionate contact. We explored the visuo-motor affective interplay by priming participants with bonding scenes and assessing the electromyographic activity of the fingers flexor muscle, in the absence of any overt movements. Photographs of dyads in social interaction and of the same dyads not interacting were employed. We examined the effects upon the electromyographical activity: (i) during the passive exposure to pictures, and (ii) during picture offset and when expecting the signal to perform a fingers flexion task. Interacting dyads compared to matched non-interacting dyads increased electromyographic activity of the fingers flexor muscle in both contexts. Specific capture of visual bonding cues at the level of visual cortex had been described in the literature. Here we showed that the neural processing of visual bonding cues reaches the fingers flexor muscle. Besides, previous visualization of bonding cues enhanced background electromyographic activity during motor preparation to perform the fingers flexion task, which might reflect a sustained leakage of central motor activity downstream leading to increase in firing of the respective motor neurons. These data suggest, at the effector level, an implicit visuo-motor connection in which social interaction cues evoke intrinsic dispositions toward affectionate social behavior.