Navegando por Autor "Bajracharya, Deena Shrestha"
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Item CXCL-16, IL-17, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) are associated with overweight and obesity conditions in middle-aged and elderly women.(2017) Ribeiro, Silvana Mara Luz Turbino; Lopes, Laís Roquete; Costa, Guilherme de Paula; Figueiredo, Vivian Paulino; Bajracharya, Deena Shrestha; Batista, Aline Priscila; Nicolato, Roney Luiz de Carvalho; Oliveira, Fernando Luiz Pereira de; Estanislau, Juliana de Assis Silva Gomes; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa daThe current concept of overweight/obesity is most likely related to a combination of increased caloric intake and decreased energy expenditure. Widespread inflammation, associated with both conditions, appears to contribute to the development of some obesity-related comorbidities. Interventions that directly or indirectly target individuals at high risk of developing obesity have been largely proposed because of the increasing number of overweight/obese cases worldwide. The aim of the present study was to assess CXCL16, IL-17, and BMP-2 plasma factors in middle-aged and elderly women and relate them to an overweight or obese status. In total, 117 women were selected and grouped as eutrophic, overweight, and obese, according to anthropometric parameters. Analyses of anthropometric and circulating biochemical parameters were followed by plasma immunoassays for CXCL-16, IL- 17, and BMP-2.Item Enalapril in combination with benznidazole reduces cardiac inflammation and creatine kinases in mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.(2015) Penitente, Arlete Rita; Leite, Ana Luísa Junqueira; Costa, Guilherme de Paula; Bajracharya, Deena Shrestha; Horta, Aline Luciano; Natali, Antônio José; Neves, Clóvis AndradeThe protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi triggers an inflammatory process in mammalian heart causing events such as fibrosis, changes in the architecture and functionality in this organ. Enalapril, an angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitor, is a drug prescribed to ameliorate this heart dysfunction, and appears to exert a potential role in immune system regulation. Our aim was to evaluate the chronic cardiac inflammatory parameters after therapeutic treatment with enalapril and benznidazole in C57BL/6 mice infected with the VL-10 strain of T. cruzi. After infection, animals were treated with oral doses of enalapril (25 mg/kg), benznidazole (100 mg/kg), or both during 30 days. Morphometric parameters and levels of chemokines (CCL2, CCL5), IL-10, creatine kinases (CKs), and C-reactive protein were evaluated in the heart and serum at the 120th day of infection. Enalapril alone or in combination with benznidazole did not change the number of circulating parasites, but reduced cardiac leukocyte recruitment and total collagen in the cardiac tissue. Interestingly, the combination therapy (enalapril/benznidazole) also reduced the levels of chemokines, CK and CK-MB, and C-reactive proteins in chronic phase. In conclusion, during the chronic experimental T. cruzi infection, the combination therapy using enalapril plus benznidazole potentiated their immunomodulatory effects, resulting in a low production of biomarkers of cardiac lesionsItem Expression and production of cardiac angiogenic mediators depend on the Trypanosoma cruzi-genetic population in experimental C57BL/6 mice infection.(2017) Bajracharya, Deena Shrestha; Bajracharya, Bijay; Costa, Guilherme de Paula; Salles, Beatriz Cristina Silveira; Leite, Ana Luísa Junqueira; Menezes, Ana Paula de Jesus; Souza, Débora Maria Soares de; Oliveira, Laser Antônio Machado de; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa daMammalian cardiac cells are important targets to the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The inflammatory reaction in the host aims at eliminating this parasite, can lead to cell destruction, fibrosis and hypoxia. Local hypoxia iswelldefined stimulus to the production of angiogenesis mediators. Assuming that different genetic T. cruzi populations induce distinct inflammation and disease patterns, the current study aims to investigate whether the production of inflammatory and angiogenic mediators is a parasite strain-dependent condition. C57BL/6 mice were infectedwith the Y and Colombian strains of T. cruzi and euthanized at the 12th and 32nd days, respectively. The blood and heart tissue were processed in immune assays and/or qPCR (TNF, IL-17, IL-10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCR2, CCR5 and angiogenic factors VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2) and in histological assays. The T. cruzi increased the inflammatory and angiogenicmediators in the infectedmicewhen theywere compared to non-infected animals.However, the Colombian strain has led to higher (i) leukocyte infiltration, (ii) cardiac TNF and CCL5 production/expression, (iii) cardiac tissue parasitism, and to higher (iv) ratio between heart/body weights. On the other hand, the Colombian strain has caused lower production and expression VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2, when it was compared to the Y strain of the parasite. The present study highlights that the T. cruzi-genetic population defines the pattern of angiogenic/inflammatory mediators in the heart tissue, and that itmay contribute to themagnitude of the cardiac pathogenesis. Besides, such assumption opens windows to the understanding of the angiogenic mediator's role in association with the experimental T. cruzi infection.Item Production and expression of inflammation and angiogenic parameters triggered by different genetic population of Trypanosoma cruzi.(2014) Bajracharya, Deena Shrestha; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa da; Bahia, Maria TerezinhaA cardiopatia induzida pela infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi aprensenta a inflamação como sua principal característica imunopatológica. Differente células inflamatórias contribuem para a produção de mediatores inflamatorios e regulatórios promotores diretos ou indiretos do processo denominado angiogênese inflamatória. As células cardíacas de mamíferos apresentam-se como importantes alvos do T.cruzi e, consequentemente, do próprio sistema imune do hospedeiro que objetiva a eliminação desses parasitos. Esse processo inflamatório culmina em uma destruição celular, em fibrose, hipóxia e alterações funcionais ao coração. A hipóxia e a produção de mediadores inflamatórios são estímulo bem definidos para o início da angiogênese. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo é estudar a participação do T.cruzi na produção de fatores inflamatórios e angiogênicos em animais C57BL/6 infectados com diferentes cepas desse parasito. Demonstrou-se a formação de novos vasos sanguíneos na matriz da esponja culminando no 14º dia pos-implante dorsal. Demonstrou-se, ainda, alta produção de mediadores inflamatórios no plasma de animais infectados com as cepas Y e Colombiana do T.cruzi. Esses animais também apresentaram elevados níveis plasmáticos de VEGF. Além disso, observou-se que a cepa Colombiana do T.cruzi foi capaz de induzir elevado infiltrado leucocitário e parasitos no tecido cardíaco. Possivelmente, devido ao alto parasitismo induzido pela cepa Colombiando do parasito, houve baixa produção (VEGF, ANG-1 e ANG-2) e expressão (VEGF) de fatores angiogênicos no tecido cardíaco. De forma interessante, animais infectados pela cepa VL-10 do T.cruzi demonstraram reduzida parasitemia, produção de citocinas inflamatórias e quimiocinas, bem como de infiltrado celular no tecido cardíaco. Além disso, o Benznidazol, a droga de escolha para o tratamento da doença de Chagas com alta citotoxicidade, foi capaz de manter os parâmetros angiogênicos similares aos animais não infectados. Também, o Enalapril e a Sinvastatina (fármacos utilizados para o tratamento de doenças cardioavasculares) foram capazes de reduzir citocinas inflamatóras em camundongos infectados, mas não a produção e a expressão de VEGF que mostrou-se similar aos animais infectados não tratados. Em suma, este estudo apresenta mediadores da angiogênese locais (coração) e sistêmicos durante a infecção pelo T.cruzi, sendo esses mediadores definidos pela genética e pela quantidade de parasitos presente no tecido cardíaco.Item Short-term therapy with simvastatin reduces inflammatory mediators and heart inflammation during the acute phase of experimental Chagas disease.(2012) Silva, Rafael Rodrigues; Bajracharya, Deena Shrestha; Leite, Camila Megale Almeida; Leite, Romulo; Bahia, Maria Terezinha; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa daTrypanosoma cruzi infection induces progressive cardiac inflammation that leads to fibrosis and modifications in the heart architecture and functionality. Statins, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors, have been studied due to their pleiotropic roles in modulating the inflammatory response. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of simvastatin on the cardiac inflammatory process using a cardiotropic strain of T. cruzi in a murine model of Chagas cardiomyopathy. C57BL/6 mice were infected with 500 trypomastigotes of the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and treated with an oral dose of simvastatin (20 mg/Kg/day) for one month and inflam-matory and morphometric parameters were subsequently evaluated in the serum and in the heart, respectively. Simvastatin reduced the total cholesterol and inflammatory mediators (interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, CCL2 and CCL5) in the serum and in the heart tissue at 30 days post-infection. Additionally, a proportional reduction in heart weight and inflammatory infiltration was observed. Simvastatin also reduced epimastigote pro¬liferation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and was able to reduce blood trypomastigotes and heart amastigote nests during the acute phase of Chagas disease in vivo. Based on these data, we conclude that simvastatin exerts a modulatory effect on the inflammatory mediators that are elicited by the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and amelio¬rates the heart damage that is observed in a murine model of Chagas disease.Item The ecto-5′nucleotidase/cd73 mediates Leishmania amazonensis survival in macrophages.(2022) Bajracharya, Bijay; Bajracharya, Deena Shrestha; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa da; Gonçalves, Ricardo; Afonso, Luís Carlos CroccoEndogenous nucleotides produced by various group of cells under inflammatory conditions act as potential danger signals in vivo. Extracellularly released nucleotides such as ATP are rapidly hydrolyzed to adenosine by the coordinated ectonucleotidase activities of CD39 and CD73. Leishmania is an obligate intracellular parasite of macrophages and capable of modulating host immune response in order to survive and multiply within host cells. In this study, the activity of CD73 induced by Leishmania amazonensis in infected macrophages has been investigated and correlated with parasite survival and infection in vitro. For this, the expression of CD39 and CD73, by flow cytometry, in murine peritoneal macrophages infected with metacyclic promastigotes of L. amazonensis has been analyzed. Our results showed that L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, unlike LPS-treated macrophages, increased CD73 expression. It was also noted that when CD73 enzymatic activity was blocked by α, β-methyleneadenosine 5′-diphosphate sodium salt (APCP), macrophage parasitism was significantly decreased. Interestingly, these effects were not associated with the production of TNF-α, IL-10, or nitric oxide (NO). Together, these data demonstrate that L. amazonensis induces a regulatory phenotype in macrophages, which by activating the CD39/CD73 pathway allows parasite survival through the action of immunomodulatory adenosine receptors.Item Trypanosoma cruzi antigens induce inflammatory angiogenesis in a mouse subcutaneous sponge model.(2015) Silva, Francisca Hildemagna Guedes da; Bajracharya, Deena Shrestha; Salles, Beatriz Cristina Silveira; Figueiredo, Vivian Paulino; Lopes, Laís Roquete; Dias, Luiza; Barcelos, Luciola da Silva; Moura, Sandra Aparecida Lima de; Andrade, Silvia Passos de; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa daAcute inflammation and angiogenesis are persistent features of several pathological conditions induced by biological agents leading to the resolution of local and systemic events. Glycoproteins derived from the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi are suggested to mediate angiogenesis induced by inflammatory cells with still undescribed mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of total antigen from trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi (Y strain), inoculated in sponges 24 h after implantation inmice, on angiogenesis, inflammatory cell pattern and endogenous production of inflammatory and angiogenicmediators on days 1, 4, 7 and 14 post-implant. There was an increase in hemoglobin content and in the number of blood vessels associated with T. cruzi antigen stimuli on the 14th day, assessed by the hemoglobin of the implants and by morphometric analysis. However, these antigens were not able to increase type I collagen content on the 14th day. Parasite antigens also induced high production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha, CCL2 and CCL5 on the 7th day in sponges when compared to the unstimulated group. Neutrophils and macrophages were determined by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) enzyme activities, respectively. Only NAG was increased after stimulation with antigens, starting from day 4 and peaking at day 7. Together, these data showed that antigens fromthe Y strain of T. cruzi are able to promote inflammatory neovascularization probably induced by macrophage-induced angiogenic mediators in T. cruzi antigen-stimulated sponges in Swiss mice.