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Atlantic flower–invertebrate interactions : a data set of occurrence and frequency of floral visits.
(2023) Boscolo, Danilo; Itabaiana, Yasmine Antonini; Costa, Fernanda Vieira da; Leandro, Cristiane Martins; Ribeiro, Milton Cezar
Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time-consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower–invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and “gray literature,” such as theses and dissertations, as well as self-reports by co-authors. The data set has 18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were reported, with the most abundant and rich families being Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. Invertebrates interacting with these plants were all arthropods from 10 orders, 129 families, and 581 genera, comprising 2419 morphotypes (including 988 named species). Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with at least six times more records than the second-ranked order (Lepidoptera). The complete data set shows Hymenoptera interacting with all plant orders and also shows Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera to be important nodes. Among plants, Asterales and Fabales had the highest number of interactions. The best sampled environment was forest ( 8000 records), followed by pastures and crops. Savanna, grasslands, and urban environments (among others) were also reported, indicating a wide range of approaches dedicated to collecting flower–invertebrate interaction data in the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, most reported data were from forest understory or lower strata, indicating a knowledge gap about flower–invertebrate interactions at the canopy. Also, access to remote regions remains a limitation, generating sampling bias across the geographical range of the Atlantic Forest. Future studies in these continuous and hard-to-access forested areas will yield important new information regarding the interactions between flowers and invertebrates in the Atlantic Forest. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set. Please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.
Rock n’ Seeds : a database of seed functional traits and germination experiments from Brazilian rock outcrop vegetation.
(2022) Ordóñez Parra, Carlos Andrés; Itabaiana, Yasmine Antonini; Figueiredo, Maurílio Assis; Kozovits, Alessandra Rodrigues; Messias, Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga; Silveira, Rodrigo Assunção da; Silveira, Fernando Augusto de Oliveira e
Advancing functional ecology depends fundamentally on the availability of data on reproductive traits, including those from tropical plants, which have been historically underrepresented in global trait databases. Although some valuable databases have been created recently, they are mainly restricted to temperate areas and vegetative traits such as leaf and wood traits. Here, we present Rock n’ Seeds, a database of seed functional traits and germination experiments from Brazilian rock outcrop vegetation, recognized as outstanding centers of diversity and endemism. Data were compiled through a systematic literature search, resulting in 103 publications from which seed functional traits were extracted. The database includes information on 16 functional traits for 383 taxa from 148 genera, 50 families, and 25 orders. These 16 traits include two dispersal, six production, four morphological, two biophysical, and two germination traits—the major axes of the seed ecological spectrum. The data- base also provides raw data for 48 germination experiments, for a total of 10,187 records for 281 taxa. Germination experiments in the database assessed the effect of a wide range of abiotic and biotic factors on germination and dif- ferent dormancy-breaking treatments. Notably, 8255 of these records include daily germination counts. This input will facilitate synthesizing germination data and using this database for a myriad of ecological questions. Given the variety of seed traits and the extensive germination information made avail- able by this database, we expect it to be a valuable resource advancing compar- ative functional ecology and guiding seed-based restoration and biodiversity conservation in tropical megadiverse ecosystems. There are no copyright restrictions on the data; please cite this paper when using the current data in publications; also the authors would appreciate notification of how the data are used in publications.
A educação ambiental no estudo do descarte incorreto de medicamentos.
(2022) Oliveira, Talita Cristina; Januário, Bruna Rafaela da Silva; Candido, Amanda Regina de Souza; Maia, Cristina de Oliveira
Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na graduação a partir de um projeto final da disciplina de Educação Ambiental, com objetivo de identificar legislações e ações em vigor que norteiam o descarte dos medicamentos. Investigamos o processo de coleta e destinação final dos medicamentos em uma cidade no interior de MG. Visitamos possíveis pontos de coleta na cidade e observamos a não realização de coleta por farmácias locais. Verificamos que a legislação nacional mais recente não inclui todas as situações de descarte. Identificamos ações nacionais não governamentais e ações locais com desenvolvimento de pesquisas e incentivo ao descarte correto de medicamentos. A partir de nossos resultados, elaboramos uma cartilha educativa sobre desfazimento correto de fármacos.
Individual responses of captive amazon parrots to routine handling can reflect their temperament.
(2023) Ramos, Gabriela de Araújo Porto; Vital, Victor Araújo Franzone; Jardim, Talys Henrique Assumpção; Nunes, Gustavo; Branco, Maria Eduarda Caçador; Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini de; Sant’Anna, Aline Cristina
Individual responses to physical restraint and temperament have been assessed in birds of several species; however, there is a paucity of research which investigates both aspects, especially in captive parrots. This lack of studies raises doubts about which temperament traits, if any, are evidenced during handling and if the intensity of responses to restraint is affected by behavioral training programs, a common practice used in ex situ conservation programs. To understand more about the subject, this study aimed to identify the main temperament dimensions of parrots and investigate their relationship with response to physical restraint for blood collection. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether parrots exhibited higher responsiveness to physical restraint after training to improve flight capacity and increase aversion to humans. The main dimensions identified were activity, neophilia, vigilance, and fearfulness. The more fearful parrots in temperament evaluations were more responsive to physical restraint, showing more vocalizations and struggle attempts than the less fearful ones. After training, the parrots showed higher responsiveness to physical restraint. We suggest that physical restraint for routine handling, such as blood collection, could be a feasible option for centers of rehabilitation to use to obtain data on individual behavioral differences in fear responses.
Bionarrativas sociais e a educação ambiental : um estudo das percepções e vivências ambientais de estudantes de uma escola pública na cidade de Ouro Preto.
(2022) Reis, Renata Lima Santiago dos; Maia, Cristina de Oliveira; Silva, Fábio Augusto Rodrigues e
A pesquisa investiga possibilidades de Educação Ambiental Urbana tendo como objeto de estudo as percepções e as vivências ambientais de estudantes do ensino fundamental da rede pública de Ouro Preto/MG. Diante desse desafio, pautamos nosso trabalho na perspectiva dos diferentes modos de existir e de ser dos sujeitos em seu território, apresentadas na abordagem da Educação Ambiental desde el Sur, bem como nas produções autorais resultado de problematizações desenvolvidas por investigadores da sociobiodiversidade enquanto conteúdo escolar. Considerando que a construção histórica de Ouro Preto também se fez nas relações sociais e ocupação territorial ao longo do tempo, ponderamos que é preciso ver e sentir Ouro Preto para além do Centro Histórico, Patrimônio Mundial da Humanidade. A pesquisa apresentará uma abordagem qualitativa e envolverá a análise textual discursiva. Por meio da oficina e das bionarrativas produzidas pretende-se compreender o contexto dos sujeitos da pesquisa, ou seja, a relação dos estudantes com o território, buscando compreender as construções ideológicas, políticas, culturais, sociais que estão presentes no conteúdo das bionarrativas. Acreditamos que atividades de educação ambiental pautadas na percepção dos estudantes e voltadas para o território podem favorecer a ampliação das experiências, das concepções e consequentemente da percepção ambiental dos sujeitos participantes da pesquisa.
Indoor and outdoor management for cats : inferences about the welfare and cat-caretaker relationship.
(2023) Oliveira, Igor de Abreu; Viana Junior, Arleu Barbosa; Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini de
The population of owned domestic cats is growing worldwide and research that contributes to a better understanding of the effects of management type (indoor x outdoor) on cats’ health and care practices is necessary. Care practices related to each management type may interfere with the cat-caretaker relationship, ultimately influencing cat welfare. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify the influence of management types on cat health and relationship with caretakers. A total of 114 owners from 2 Brazilian municipalities responded to an online questionnaire. Categorical principal component analysis, Fisher’s exact tests and X²-tests were used to investigate factors. Half of the respondents (50.88%) answered that they use indoor management. This type of management was associated with a greater variety and frequency of care practices (such as fur combing, claw cutting and toy offering), facilitating a more positive cat-caretaker relationship. Outdoor management (49.12%) was associated a low frequency and variety of care practices, not allowing such a positive cat-caretaker relationship. We conclude that caretakers who practice indoor management are more likely to have a positive relationship with their cats than those who practice outdoor management.
Noise interfere on feeding behaviour but not on food preference of saffron finches (Sicalis flaveola).
(2023) Duarte, Renan Henriques Lage; Passos, Marcela Fortes de Oliveira; Beirão, Marina do Vale; Midamegbe, Afiwa; Young, Robert John; Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini de
Noise pollution exerts negative well-being effects on animals, especially for captive individuals. A decrease in feeding, reproduction, attention, and an increase in stress are examples of negative effects of noise pollution on animals. Noise pollution can also negatively impact animals’ lives by decreasing the efficiency of food choice: attention decrease can cause animals choose the least profitable food, which can affect their fitness. The aims of this study were to analyse the effects of noise on feeding behaviour and food preference of saffron finches. Foraging tests were performed under background sound pressure levels and under a noisy condition. The behaviours exhibited by the birds during the tests were recorded using focal sampling with instantaneous recording of behaviour every 10 s. Results showed that finches consumed more the higher energetic food, and that noise pollution did not impact food consumption by the birds. Noise changed the number of visits on the feeders, and increased the expression of the ‘lower the head’ and vigilance behaviours during feeding. These findings could be important for wild and captive animals because an increase in vigilance and in changes in foraging behaviour could ultimately impact their fitness. Thus, mitigation measures should be taken in relation to noise impact on wildlife, this is especially the case for captive animals, which have no chance to avoid noisy environments.
Towards a synthesis of the biodiversity of freshwater Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda in Brazil.
(2022) Loureiro, Lourdes Maria Abdu El-moor; Sant'Anna, Eneida Maria Eskinazi; Diniz, Leidiane Pereira; Simões, Nadson Ressyé
Although Brazil is considered a megadiverse country, its rich freshwater biodiversity is still poorly known. A general overview of to-date knowledge on Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda species and distribution in Brazilian Hydrographic Regions is presented here, based on literature data since the 1890s. Ecological studies provided most of the occurrence records. The results show high richness for all studied biological groups and unequal distribution of the occurrence records, which are substantially influenced by research groups’ location. The data also revealed that Brazilian zooplankton biodiversity still needs to be better studied, taxonomically, although from the beginning of the last century until 1980 these kinds of studies were predominant.
A review of 121 years of studies on the freshwater zooplankton of Brazil.
(2023) Castilho Noll, Maria Stela Maioli; Meira, Bianca Ramos de; Silva, Edissa Emi Cortez; Sant'Anna, Eneida Maria Eskinazi; Diniz, Leidiane Pereira; Simões, Nadson Ressyé
A review was carried out on the freshwater zooplankton in Brazil, between 1900 and 2021, based on 1014 studies, and the main trends were pointed. There was an increase of studies from the 1990 s onwards, especially between 2016 and 2020. Most of them addressed ecological research, followed by taxonomical research in the past (mid-1970 s). Field studies were also more numerous than experimental and review ones, but the latter type also increased between 2016 and 2020. Most studies were developed in limnetic regions and in artificial and natural lakes, in contrast to littoral regions, streams and wetlands. Studies on cladocerans were the most numerous in all environments, followed by Copepoda and Rotifera. Protozooplankton was the least studied group, with a predominance of testate amoebae, followed by ciliates, flagellates and naked amoeba studies. We also discuss some aspects of the ecological traits, such as life cycles and life history, population and community dynamics, interactions with the environment, influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors and interspecific interactions. Studies on populations biomass, secondary production, functional ecology, long term duration and molecular analyzes were the main gaps and the next challenges. Finally, it is also necessary to understand the diversity and related variables in different environments that have few or never been studied.
Riparian forest restoration as sources of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in anthropogenic landscapes.
(2022) Itabaiana, Yasmine Antonini; Beirão, Marina do Vale; Costa, Fernanda Vieira da; Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini de; Wojakowski, M. M.; Kozovits, Alessandra Rodrigues; Pires, Maria Rita Silvério; Sousa, Hildeberto Caldas de; Messias, Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga; Fujaco, Maria Augusta Gonçalves; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça; Martins, Joice Paiva Vidigal; Monteiro, Graziella França; Dirzo, Rodolfo
1. Restoration of tropical riparian forests is challenging, since these ecosystems are the most diverse, dynamic, and complex physical and biological terrestrial habitats. This study tested whether biodiversity can predict ecosystem functions in a human-impacted tropical riparian forest. 2. We explored the effects of several biodiversity components (taxonomic or functional groups) on different ecosystem functions associated with restored riparian forests 3. Overall, 49% of the biodiversity components showed positive effects on ecosystem functions, each component to a different degree. In general, our results showed that both taxonomic and functional biodiversity had strong effects on ecosystem functions indicating that floral and faunal biodiversity enhanced the multifunctionality of these restored riparian tropical forests. 4. These findings indicate that in restored riparian forests, recovery of biodiversity is followed by improvement in important ecosystem functions that are the basis for successful restoration. Future research and policy for restoration programs must focus on restoring elementary faunal and floral components of biodiversity in order to promote ecosystem multifunctionality.
Imbalance of water potential and photosynthetic efciency in the parasitic relationship between Struthanthus fexicaulis and Baccharis dracunculifolia.
(2022) Monteiro, Graziella França; Souza, Daniela Boanares de; Novais, Samuel Matos Antunes de; França, Marcel Giovanni Costa; Itabaiana, Yasmine Antonini; Silva Júnior, Milton Barbosa da; Oki, Yumi; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso
Hemiparasitic plants can reduce photosynthesis and alter the host plant’s foliar traits. This relationship may be more intense in ecosystems with nutritionally poor soil, such as the campo rupestre, known for its high endemism. This work evaluated the impact of a generalist hemiparasitic species (Struthanthus fexicaulis) on the physiology as well as physical and chemical traits of a native species (Baccharis dracunculifolia) frequently found in the campo rupestre. We planted twenty 60-day-old B. dracunculifolia individuals in a campo rupestre area. Two year after planting, during the 2019 dry season, we evaluated the water potential (Ψw), photosynthetic efciency (PE), specifc leaf area (SLA) and succulence (SU) of parasitized and non-parasitized host plants. These parameters were measured again in the dry season of 2020, when we also measured chlorophyll, nitrogen balance index (NBI) and phenolic content of leaves of the same individuals. Parasitized individuals had a higher Ψw and PE compared to non-parasitized individuals during the most critical period of the day (12:00 pm to 3:00 pm). However, towards the end of the day, parasitized individuals had lower Ψw and PE than non-parasitized ones. There was no efect of parasitism on SLA and SU. Parasitized plants had higher NBI and lower phenolic content than non-parasitized plants. We concluded that S. fexicaulis parasitism interfered in the physiology and chemical leaf traits of B. dracunculifolia. Parasitism, while momentarily increasing the PE and Ψw of parasitized individuals, can cause physiological imbalances, which could negatively afect the development and lead to the death of the host plant over time.
Um estudo teoria ator-rede sobre a formação inicial de professores de ensino de ciências : uma mina de ouro e as possibilidades para uma educação antirracista.
(2022) Moreira, Ingriddy Nathaly Santos; Silva, Fábio Augusto Rodrigues e
O texto apresentado se fundamentou em um estudo ator-rede e investigou processos de mobilização entre professores em formação de um subprojeto do PIBID de uma universidade no interior de Minas Gerais a partir da execução de uma oficina colaborativa. Ao longo de seis encontros, uma rede sociotécnica foi traçada com diversos actantes. Neste texto, trazemos um recorte da rede originada no quinto e sexto encontro, no qual pudemos observar as associações e translações entres os atores humanos e não humanos a partir das dúvidas expressas pelos pibidianos. A visita à mina de ouro do séc. XVIII juntamente com a atividades de elaboração de uma sequência didática geraram conflitos quando uma expectativa de uma abordagem antirracista foi agregada a discussão. Em nossos resultados, constatamos que a oficina colaborativa atuou na produção de híbridos, além de evidenciar o quanto o currículo eurocêntrico prescritivo é forte e como ainda atua como um referencial na formação de professores.
O que a tecnociência do povo preto pode nos revelar sobre uma visita à mina de ouro em uma experiência de formação de professores de ciências naturais?
(2022) Moreira, Ingriddy Nathaly Santos; Silva, Fábio Augusto Rodrigues e
O racismo da sociedade brasileira se apresenta de várias maneiras. Uma delas é através do epistemicídio, que insiste em silenciar e invisibilizar a contribuição tecnocientífica de povos afro-brasileiros. Esse saber continua ausente nas licenciaturas das Ciências Naturais, que têm currículos ancorados em princípios eurocêntricos. Com a intenção de ofertar uma educação antirracista, propomos uma oficina colaborativa com licenciandos do PIBIDCiências, que contemple “saberes outros”. Destacamos, neste trabalho, o terceiro encontro por evidenciar a produção ativa da ignorância e o epistemicídio como estratégia da formação docente. Com aporte da Teoria AtorRede, evidenciamos a afetação gerada entre os licenciandos e o quanto a negação da intelectualidade de corpos negros pode ter consequências devastadoras para a democratização do ensino.
As contribuições da Grounded Theory para um estudo sobre a formação de professores.
(2022) Silva, Cínthia Luiz da; Silva, Fábio Augusto Rodrigues e
A partir das críticas relacionadas às escolhas metodológicas de pesquisas em Ciências Humanas, especificamente, procurou-se apresentar as contribuições da Grounded Theory para o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa de formação de professores. A pesquisa contou com dados de uma oficina sobre a aprendizagem baseada em projetos oferecida a professores da uma escola pública. Os professores responderam ao questionário e três profissionais foram entrevistados. Esses dados nos permitiram produzir teorias acerca do processo de formação de professores, possibilitando identificar os conhecimentos mobilizados pelos entrevistados quando questionados sobre os benefícios e limitações da atividade oferecida.
Curso de verão em biotecnologia : um relato da experiência na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.
(2022) Ferreira, Cyntia Silva; Ribeiro, Erica Milena de Castro; Carneiro, Simone Pinto; Silva, Fábio Augusto Rodrigues e; Silva, Breno de Mello
Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar as experiências das três primeiras edições do Curso de Verão em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), que foram integralmente desenvolvidas pelos alunos da pós-graduação. Esse Curso surgiu da necessidade de dar mais visibilidade às pesquisas realizadas na universidade, configurando uma proposta de educação científica. Assim, ele foi estruturado para proporcionar aos participantes uma oportunidade de interação com o ambiente de pesquisa da UFOP, por meio de estágios em laboratórios, minicursos e palestras. Essas atividades ilustraram os conceitos fundamentais da Biotecnologia, bem como as formas de sua inserção na sociedade, contribuindo para a capacitação profissional dos graduandos. Para os alunos da pós-graduação, responsáveis pela organização, os Cursos proporcionaram um maior entendimento acerca da estruturação física e organizacional do programa de pós-graduação no qual estão inseridos. Além disso, trouxeram para eles a oportunidade de praticar atividades de docência e de divulgação científica durante as palestras e os cursos práticos.
As ontologias de um jardim : contribuições para a educação em humanidades científicas no antropoceno.
(2022) Coutinho, Francisco Ângelo; Figueiredo, Kristianne Lina; Viana, Gabriel Menezes; Silva, Fábio Augusto Rodrigues e; Dias, Welington; Santos, Raí Leonardo de Jesus
Este artigo situa o Antropoceno como uma época de perigos e incertezas que exige um posicionamento da educação em ciências. No sentido de contribuir para o enfrentamento das questões e problemas complexos colocados em evidência pelo Antropoceno, apresentamos a noção transdisciplinar das Humanidades Científicas, de Bruno Latour. Em seguida, evidenciamos alguns elementos do Jardim Mandala, situado na Faculdade de Educação da UFMG, e argumentamos que este jardim tem um potencial educacional inspirador para o exercício de uma Educação em Humanidades Científicas. Mais do que um programa educacional bem estabelecido, o que deixamos aqui são notas para se imaginar novos gestos educacionais e desenvolvimentos futuros.
Uma contribuição ao ensino de genética por meio de uma abordagem do trabalho de Mendel à luz do fluxo sanguíneo da ciência de Bruno Latour.
(2021) Melo, Joyce Padilha de; Coutinho, Francisco Ângelo; Silva, Fábio Augusto Rodrigues e; Vilas Boas, Adlane
O uso da história da ciência na educação científica tem o potencial de contribuir para a conexão de contextos pessoais, éticos, culturais e políticos dos cientistas. A visão romantizada da ciência, que expõe cientistas como gênios trabalhando isoladamente, pode prejudicar a compreensão da natureza da ciência. Gregor Mendel é um exemplo dessa representação e o presente artigo traz uma contribuição no sentido de desmistificá-lo como o “pai da Genética”. Pensando em contribuir com elementos para proporcionar processos de ensino e aprendizagem mais próximos de uma abordagem menos romantizada, usamos a teoria ator-rede (TAR), de Bruno Latour, para guiar as análises das relações sociomateriais, e empreendemos uma análise sobre a inserção de Mendel no chamado fluxo da ciência, valendo-nos da literatura sobre a história de Mendel e da Genética. Dessa forma, foi possível compreender a rede que sustenta o desenvolvimento das leis da hereditariedade e indicar que Mendel mobilizou diversos atores (botânicos, físicos, matemáticos, ervilhas, estufas, assistentes, sociedades acadêmicas, agricultores e diferentes entidades), que colaboraram para a conclusão de seu trabalho. Com o presente trabalho, pretendemos contribuir para as pesquisas que buscam um tratamento historicamente mais adequado da sistematização da genética enquanto ciência e que poderá, também, auxiliar em processos de ensino/ aprendizagem.
Brazilian Flora 2020 : leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network.
(2022) Silva, Janaína Gomes da; Filardi, Fabiana Luiza Ranzato; Barbosa, Maria Regina de Vasconcellos; Baumgratz, José Fernando Andrade; Bicudo, Carlos Eduardo de Mattos; Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa; Coelho, Marcus Alberto Nadruz; Costa, Andréa Ferreira da; Costa, Denise Pinheiro da; Dalcin, Eduardo Couto; Evangelista, Paulo Henrique Labiak; Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante de; Lohmann, Lúcia Garcez; Maia, Leonor Costa; Mansano, Vidal de Freitas; Menezes, Mariângela; Morim, Marli Pires; Moura, Carlos Wallace do Nascimento; Lughadha, Eimear Nic; Peralta, Denilson Fernandes; Prado, Jefferson; Roque, Nádia; Stehmann, João Renato; Sylvestre, Lana da Silva; Pereira, Larissa Trierveiler; Walter, Bruno Machado Teles; Silva, Geraldo Zimbrão da; Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini
The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world’s known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world’s most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.
The Paepalanthoideae (Eriocaulaceae) of the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Brazil : taxonomic novelties, identifi cation key, and illustrated list of species.
(2022) Oliveira, Marcelo Trovó Lopes de; Andrade, Livia Echternacht
The Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park is a conservation unit established to preserve the highest savannahs of Central Brazil and their unique biodiversity. Eriocaulaceae are a relevant and conspicuous family in such high savannahs, but its diversity is poorly known, documented solely in general lists or in isolated efforts aimed at small groups. After a structured series of fi eld expeditions and analysis of specimens from the relevant herbaria, we provide nomenclatural novelties, a fi rst identifi cation key, and an illustrated checklist for the species of Paepalanthoideae (Eriocaulaceae) in the area. We recorded 42 species of Paepalanthoideae from the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park: Actinocephalus (Körn.) Sano (2 spp.), Comanthera L.B.Sm . (1 sp.), Paepalanthus Mart. (24 spp.), and Syngonanthus Ruhland (15 spp.). Actinocephalus brevifolius Trovó & Echtern. sp. nov. and P. irwinii Trovó & Echtern. sp. nov. are newly described species and P. politus Trovó stat. et nom. nov. is a variety of P. elongatus (Bong.) Körn. raised to the species status with a new name. The generic and specifi c composition shows predominance of Paepalanthus and Syngonanthus, and with a low representation of Actinocephalus and Comanthera , as expected, outside of the Espinhaço Range. More than 50% of the species (22 spp.) are endemic to the area and 25 species are endemic to Central Brazil, the area being the main center of diversity for dimerous-fl owered groups. The non-endemic diversity is a combination of widespread species and marginal distribution of species typical from the Amazon and southeastern savannahs. The species are unevenly distributed in the area, with their occurrence correlated to altitude, water availability, and lithology. We reinforce that the savannahs from Central Brazil are a secondary center of diversity for Eriocaulaceae, playing a central role in the conservation of an unique and irreplaceable piece of its diversity and the Cerrado biome as well.
Geographic distribution patterns of galling insects in a protected area of Atlantic forest (southeast, Brazil).
(2022) Flor, Ismael Cividini; Maia, Valéria Cid; Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves
The present study aimed to increase knowledge about the diversity and factors that determine the distribution of galling insects in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI), Southeast, Brazil. For this, collections were performed in April, August and November 2015 and March 2016. Seventy gall morphotypes were found in 12 families, 32 genera and 61 species of host plants. The richness of galls did not vary with altitude, but increased with the richness of plants. The families and genera of plants with greater species richness harbored a greater number of galling insects. The number of gall morphotypes was higher in the autumn than in the other seasons. The spatial distribution of galling insects was better explained by factors such as floristic richness and species composition than by ecological effects, represented here by altitude. Regarding seasonality, the results indicate that the way resources are temporarily distributed to galling insects depends on factors such as the active growth of host plants, making some periods of the year more conducive to the development of galls.

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